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Bio 116 Comprehensive Exam 4 Rated A+
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Bio 116 Comprehensive Exam 4 Rated A+
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Bio 116 Comprehensive Exam 4 Rated A+_____ are secondary consumers. - ANSWER-carnivores
_____ removes nitrogen from the atmosphere. - ANSWER-nitrogen fixation
"Marine cone snails from the genus Conus are estimated to consist of up to 700
species. These predatory molluscs have devised an efficient venom apparatus that
allows them to successfully capture polychaete worms, other molluscs, or in some
cases fish as their primary food sources. . . . conotoxins from Australian species of
Conus . . . have the capacity to inhibit specifically the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in
higher animals." (B. G. Livett, K. R. Gayler, and Z. Khalil. 2004. Drugs from the sea:
Conopeptides as potential therapeutics. Current Medicinal Chemistry 11:1715-23.)
This particular conotoxin inhibits acetylcholine receptors that are located ________. -
ANSWER-on the postsynaptic membrane, on the muscle cell
"Marine cone snails from the genus Conus are estimated to consist of up to 700
species. These predatory molluscs have devised an efficient venom apparatus that
allows them to successfully capture polychaete worms, other molluscs, or in some
cases fish as their primary food sources. . . . conotoxins from Australian species of
Conus . . . have the capacity to inhibit specifically the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in
higher animals." (B. G. Livett, K. R. Gayler, and Z. Khalil. 2004. Drugs from the sea:
Conopeptides as potential therapeutics. Current Medicinal Chemistry 11:1715-23.)
What is the adaptive value of this toxin?
I) It would cause muscle spasms in the prey.
II) It would result in paralysis of the skeletal muscle of the prey.
III) It would stimulate digestive tract smooth muscle to cause nausea and vomiting of the
prey. - ANSWER-only II
10,000 kcal of producer could support approximately _____ kcal of tertiary consumer. -
ANSWER-10
A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top, through which
the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the males immediately fly to the earphone
and go through all of the steps of copulation. What is the best explanation for this
behavior? - ANSWER-Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is
a sign stimulus that initiates it.
A child is born without a fully developed pancreas. He is normal in all other respects,
and thus doctors believe that the problem most likely began early in development.
During which of the following processes did the original error most likely occur? -
ANSWER-Endoderm formation
A hypothetical bat species (species 1) lives in a city. Another hypothetical bat species
(species 2) established a population in the same city after a number of individuals
,escaped from a zoo. In isolation, each species prefers to roost in buildings that are
three or more stories tall.
After species 2 became established in the city, species 1 began roosting only in
buildings less than three stories tall, whereas species 2 roosted in buildings three or
more stories tall. Observers determined that the bright streetlights at ground level had
previously deterred most bats from roosting in shorter buildings. Over many generations
of existing in the same city with species 2, species 1 showed changes in eye size and
retina structure.
Complete the following statements about the two bat species.
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the
sentences. Not all terms will be used. - ANSWER-1. fundamental niche
2. interspecific competition
3. competitive exclusion
4. realized niche
5. resource partitioning
6. -/-
7. character displacement
A nerve impulse moves away from a neuron's cell body along _____. - ANSWER-axon
A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along _____. - ANSWER-dendrites
A neuron has a resting potential of about _____ millivolts. - ANSWER--70
A neuron's nucleus is located in its _____. - ANSWER-cell body
A pair of coyotes colonized a large island where rodents (their prey) were abundant. At
first the number of coyotes increased. But as the coyote population increased,
competition for prey also increased and the coyote population grew more slowly. In
some years, weather conditions killed many of the rodents, causing some coyotes to
starve. In other years, weather conditions were favorable for the rodent poulation,
allowing the coyotes to thrive, reproduce, and raise many pups.
Which of the three graphs shown in Part G best represents the growth of this coyote
population? - ANSWER-Graph B
A parasitic fungus, Geomyces destructans, has decimated millions of bats in the United
States since it was first observed in upstate New York in 2006. The disease has been
named white-nose syndrome because of the white fungal hyphae that cover the bat
upon infection. It is believed that this fungus was introduced from Europe by tourists
entering into caves with hibernating bat populations. Which prediction most likely
reflects changes that will occur in natural communities as a result of massive bat
mortality? - ANSWER-increased flying insect populations
,A patient is hospitalized with muscle spasms caused by failure of back muscles to relax
after contraction. Which of the following would be most likely to help? - ANSWER-
Induce tropomyosin and troponin to bind to the myosin binding sites on actin.
A person able to hear only low-frequency sounds would probably have which of the
following structural problems in the ear? - ANSWER-There is a loss of hair cell function
in the area closest to the oval window.
A stimulus has opened the voltage-gated sodium channels in an area of a neuron's
plasma membrane. As a result, _____ rushes into the neuron and diffuses to adjacent
areas; this in turn results in the _____ in the adjacent areas. - ANSWER-sodium ...
opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
A(n) _____ is a region where fresh water and salt water mix. - ANSWER-estuary
According to bottom-up and top-down control models of community organization, which
of the following expressions would imply that an increase in the size of a carnivore (C)
population would negatively impact its prey (P) population, but not vice versa? -
ANSWER-P ← C
According to the graph, which modern animal has a relatively constant mortality rate
throughout its life span? - ANSWER-starling
According to the logistic growth equation, dNdt=rN(K−N)KdNdt=rN(K−N)K, ________. -
ANSWER-population growth is zero when N equals K
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After fertilization, embryonic development progresses through three stages:
cleavage, during which the zygote develops into a blastula through extensive cell
division;
gastrulation, during which three tissue layers are established by the dramatic
rearrangement of cells, forming a gastrula;
organogenesis, during which the rudiments of organs develop.
The details of embryonic development vary by species, but the developmental
sequence is consistent. Embryonic development has been studied extensively in a few
species, including sea urchins, frogs, and chickens. All the images in this tutorial are
based on frog development.
Part A - Differentiating between cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesisPart
complete
Determine which terms, phrases, and images describe each phase of development.
Drag each item to the appropriate bin. - ANSWER-cleavage:
-blastula
-cytoplasm partitioned into many cells
-picture without the layers
, gastrulation:
-embryonic germlayers form
-blastopore
-gastrula
-colorful picture
organogenesis:
-neural tube
-organs begin to develop from germ layers
-somites
After the depolarization phase of an action potential, the resting potential is restored by
________. - ANSWER-the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels and the
inactivation of sodium channels
All living things need carbon, the element that forms the framework of all organic
molecules. Carbon atoms cycle between Earth's biotic (living) components such as
plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, and its abiotic (nonliving) components such
as the atmosphere, rocks, and oceans.
Before beginning this tutorial, watch The Carbon Cycle animation. Pay particular
attention to
how carbon moves from Earth's atmosphere into living organisms
how carbon moves from one living organism to another living organism
how carbon returns to the atmosphere
Part A - Biogeochemical cyclesPart complete
The carbon cycle is one of many biogeochemical cycles on Earth. Can you identify the
main features of a biogeochemical cycle and show how the carbon cycle exhibits these
features?
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the
sentences. Not all terms will be used - ANSWER-1. reservoirs
2. living organisms
3. Earth
4. the atmosphere
5. photosynthesis
6. cellular respiration
An action potential moves along a(n) _____. - ANSWER-axon
An ectodermal thickening above the frog's notochord forms a _____. - ANSWER-neural
plate
An endoskeleton is the primary body support for the _____. - ANSWER-cartilaginous
fishes, including sharks
An impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from _____ to _____. - ANSWER-
node of Ranvier ... node of Ranvier
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