ATI Unit 1 (Pharmacology for Nursing)
(A.D.M.E) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion - ANS What are the four phases of
Pharmacokinetics?
Pharmacokinetics - ANS This is how medications travel through the body.
Absorption - ANS This is the transmission of medications from the location of administration to
the bloodstream.
Enteral and Parenteral - ANS What are the most common routes of medication administration?
Enteral - ANS The route of medication administration through the GI Tract.
Parenteral - ANS The route of medication administration by injection.
1--GI Tract
2--Muscle
3--Skin
4--Mucous Membranes
5--Subcutaneous Tissue - ANS Medications can be administered via the--- (5)?
PO - ANS Oral
SL - ANS Sublingual/Buccal
Medications--must pass through the layer of epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and this
route takes the LONGEST to be absorbed. - ANS These are the barriers to PO Absorption.
1--How soluble the medication is.
2--The pH of the stomach.
3--The stomach's emptying time.
4--If food is present in the stomach or bowel.
5--Other medications the PT may be on.
6--The form of medication.
7--Taking the medications with certain foods (i.e., Grapefruit). - ANS The pattern of PO
Absorption varies due to:
Swallowing BEFORE the medication is dissolved allows the gastric pH to INACTIVATE the
medication. - ANS These are the barriers to SL, Buccal Absorption
, QUICK since it directly enters the bloodstream and bypasses the liver. - ANS The pattern of
SL/Buccal Absorption
Subcutaneous (SQ) and Intramuscular (IM) - ANS There are no specific barriers to the
absorption of ______________ and ______________ injections.
High Levels of Blood Perfusion = RAPID Absorption
Lower Levels of Blood Perfusion = SLOWER Absorption - ANS The pattern of SQ and IM
Absorption
Intravenous (IV) - ANS There are no barriers to absorption; immediate absorption patterns as
medications enter the blood directly. What route is this?
Distribution - ANS This is defined as the TRANSPORTATION of medication by body fluids to
areas of action in the body.
(1) Circulation
---Medical Condition: Cardiac Disease
---Why? It can DELAY medication distribution.
(2) Cell Membrane Permeability
---Why? The medications must be able to PASS THROUGH tissues to reach its target. - ANS
Distribution is INFLUENCED by the following:
(1) ______________________________
(2) _____________________________
Metabolism - ANS This primarily occurs in the liver.
(1) Age--older adults require smaller amounts of medication.
(2) First-Pass Effect--medications that pass through the liver can become INACTIVATED.
(3) Nutritional Status--PTs who are malnourished may LACK the ENZYMES to metabolize
certain medications. - ANS What are the factors that influence the rate of metabolism? There
are (3).
Excretion - ANS This is defined as the ELIMINATION of medications from the body PRIMARILY
through the Kidneys.
(1) Liver
(2) Lungs
(3) Intestines
(4) Exocrine Glands (Breast Milk) - ANS Elimination also takes place in the:
(1)
(2)
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