Exam (elaborations)
NRS 420 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
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Exam of 10 pages for the course NRS at NRS (NRS 420)
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NRS 420Development - answer “A variety of gradual changes that occur across multiple domains
and result in an individual's functional abilities" (Giddens, 2021).
Adaptive delays - answer Result of complex integration of multiple skills and abilities
easily impacted by injury, illness, substance use, exposure to trauma, or accumulation
of toxic chronic stressors" (Giddens, 2021).
Five Attributes to Professional Identity - answer DOING
BEING
ACTING ETHICALLY
FLOURISHING
CHANGING IDENTITIES
Ethical Issues - answer Most frequent ethical issues
• Protecting patients' rights and human dignity
• Respecting/not respecting informed consent to treatment
• Providing care with possible risk to nurse's health
• Using/not using physical or chemical restraints
• Working with staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing care
Most disturbing ethical issues
• Coping w/staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing care
• Prolonging the living/dying process with inappropriate measures
• Not considering the quality of a patient's life
• Implementing managed care policies that threaten quality of life
• Working with unethical/impaired colleagues
Health Laws - answerCommon Law - derived from decisions made by supreme courts
•HIPPATort Law (Medical negligence or malpractice) - wrongful/unreasonable action or
omission that causes harm
•Liability of nurses, physicians, etc...
Contract Law - mutual agreements between 2 or more individuals
•Healthcare contracts between insurance & consumers
Criminal Law - crime that threatens or harms others or endangers the property or safety
of people
•Intentional or neglectful patient care
Consent for treatment - answerOutlines patient self‐determination
Right to privacy and protection
Must be voluntarily in writing
, Patient must have capacity
Patient has right to refuse
Capacity - answer•Determination made by physician or other healthcare practitioner
•Evaluation or assessment required
•Can change over time
•Drugs and medical conditions can impact
•Progress dementia, recent brain surgery
Advanced Directives - answerWritten document outlines patient's wishes
Can assign someone to make decisions
Must be signed
Other names: Durable power of attorney, living will
POLST - answerPhysician orders for life‐sustaining treatment
•Set of portable medical orders
•Complement to advance directive•Doctor & patient MUST sign
•Does NOT appoint surrogate
•Copy should be in chart, original with patient
8 Principles of Patient‐centered care - answer1. Respect for patient's values,
preferences, and expressed needs
2. Coordination and integration of care
3. Information and education
4. Physical comfort
5. Emotional support and alleviation of fear and anxiety
6. Involvement of family and friends
7. Continuity and transition
8. Access to care
Nurses' Role - answerRespect and uphold patient beliefs
Involve patient and family in decision‐making
Provide education
Collaboration
Clinical Judgement - answerInterpretations & inferences that influences actions in
clinical practice
Clinical reasoning - thinking process where nurse reaches a clinical judgement
Critical thinking - cognitive process used for analysis of an issue/problem
Standards-Based Approaches - answerInvolves use of algorithms, decision trees,
patient care guidelines (standards of care)
Standardized approaches to patient care within an institution
Based on best practices/evidenced-based
If there is a rule/guideline that covers situation, clinical judgement is not required
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