NFDN Final Exam Question and answers rated A+ 2024/2025
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Course
NFDN
Institution
NFDN
NFDN Final Exam Question and answers rated A+ 2024/2025 NFDN Final Exam
Problems of Fluid Imbalance - correct answer - Electrolyte Imbalance
- Acid-Base Imbalance
- Deficient Fluid Volume
- Excess Fluid Volume
Who is Most at Risk for Dehydration? - correct answer Infants and Elderly
...
Hypernatremia - correct answer ✔High sodium in the blood (Na >145)
Hypernatremia S/S - correct answer ✔You are 'fried' or S.A.L.T.
F - Fever (low grade), flushed skin
R - Restless (irritable)
I - Increased fluid retention and increased BP
E - Edema (peripheral and pitting)
D - Decreased urinary output, dry mouth
S = Skin flushed
A = Agitation
L = Low-grade fever
T = Thirst
Acid-Base Imbalances - correct answer ✔- ABG (arterial blood gas)
- Based on the carbonic-acid buffer system
- Measures 6 components (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, oxygen sat, base excess &
biocarbonate)
- Deviation from a normal level is indicated by acid-base imbalance
,Normal pH is what? - correct answer ✔7.35-7.45
PACO2 - correct answer ✔- Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial
blood
- Normal range 35-45 mmHg
- High: acidosis
- Low: alkalosis
PaO2 - correct answer ✔- Partial pressure in arterial blood
- Normal range 80-100 mmHg
- Low PaO2 indicated the patient is not oxygenating properly (hypoxemic)
Oxygen Saturation - correct answer ✔- Oxygen can be affected by pH &
PaCO2
- When PaO2 falls below 60 mmHg a large desaturation results
Base Excess - correct answer ✔- Normal range +2 to -2
- Base excess reflects deviations of pH
- Higher values of base excess indicate acidosis
Bicorbonates - correct answer ✔- Normal range is 22-26 mmol/L
- Excreted & retained by the kidneys to maintain normal acid base
environment
- Principal buffer of the ECF's of the body
- Less than 22 mmol/L insicated acidosis
- More than 22 mmol/L indicated alkalosis
, Respiratory Acidosis - correct answer ✔A drop in blood pH due to
hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of CO2
Metabolic Acidosis Treatment - correct answer ✔Treat cause of metabolic
defeict
Give bicarbonate
If severe may need dialysis
Metabolic Alkalosis - correct answer ✔- Caused by increase in bicarbonate
concentration
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