EPHE 155 – Alcohol || Questions and 100% Accurate Answers.
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EPHE 155 – Alcohol
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EPHE 155 – Alcohol
How does alcohol compare to other recreational drugs? correct answers - if all recreational drugs were tools, alcohol would be the sledgehammer.
Describe the symptoms of acute alcohol toxicity. How is this different from other poisons? correct answers - symptoms include: impaired balance, impair...
EPHE 155 – Alcohol || Questions and 100% Accurate
Answers.
How does alcohol compare to other recreational drugs? correct answers - if all recreational drugs
were tools, alcohol would be the sledgehammer.
Describe the symptoms of acute alcohol toxicity. How is this different from other poisons?
correct answers - symptoms include: impaired balance, impaired motor coordination, impaired
decision-making, memory impairment
- different from other poisons in that acute alcohol toxicity has almost an infinite diversity of
symptoms
Is alcohol a food or a drug? Why? correct answers - alcohol is both a food and a drug
- it's a food since it's made from sugars, it can be used as an energy source
- it's also a drug because it alters body function
Why should alcohol be studied within nutrition? correct answers - alcohol is common to many
diets
- over half of all alcohol consumption is abused or misused (by excessive adult drinking or
underage drinking)
Describe how alcohol is absorbed by the body. In what body tissues will alcohol be found?
correct answers - absorbed by simple diffusion
- cell membranes are permeable to alcohol and alcohol diffuses through them
- cell membranes are damaged when alcohol passes through them
- because cell membranes are permeable to alcohol, you will find alcohol everywhere that water
is present (throughout all body tissues)
Describe the rate of alcohol absorption. Rank hard liquor, wine, and beer absorption rates from
slowest to fastest. correct answers - alcohol absorbs rapidly into the body
- beer is absorbed the slowest, followed by liquor
- wine is absorbed the fastest
What compound is alcohol metabolized as? What does alcohol metabolism depend on? correct
answers - alcohol is metabolized as ethanol
- where and how alcohol/ ethanol is metabolized depends on the rate of consumption (the amount
of alcohol consumed in a certain time-frame) and many other, individual factors
How is alcohol stored in the body? What impact does this have on alcohol metabolism? correct
answers - alcohol cannot be stored by the body
- because alcohol can't be stored, it gets priority in metabolism (it will be metabolized before
anything else)
, Describe how the body metabolizes small to moderate amounts of alcohol intake. What is the
main way small amount of alcohol are metabolized? Why? correct answers - small amounts
aren't metabolized, they are excreted through the lungs, urine, and sweat
- the lungs are the main organ of excretion for gases and volatile substances (called pulmonary
excretion)
- small amounts of alcohol are mainly excreted through the lungs because alcohol is volatile (it
becomes a gas/ evaporates easily)
Describe how the body metabolizes moderate alcohol intake. correct answers - alcohol is
metabolized to acetaldehyde by the enzyme "alcohol dehydrogenase" (ADH)
- acetaldehyde is then converted to CO2 and H2O
- the overall metabolism pathway is: alcohol > acetaldehyde > CO2 + H2O
- this occurs in the liver.
Describe how the body metabolizes moderate to excessive alcohol intake. How does this relate to
the body's metabolism of moderate alcohol intake? correct answers - excessive alcohol intake is
metabolized via the "MEOS" ("microsomal ethanol oxidation system") in the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the liver
- the MEOS system kicks in when the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH) becomes
overwhelmed by the amount of alcohol and can no longer metabolize alcohol at a sufficient rate
- since the MEOS system supplements the activity of the ADH enzyme, alcohol metabolism by
MEOS becomes more important as alcohol intake increases
Why do chronic alcoholics have increased tolerance to alcohol? correct answers - the MEOS
(microsomal ethanol oxidation system) pathway of alcohol metabolism in their liver is in
overdrive
Define moderate alcohol consumption. What is it equivalent to? correct answers - definition: one
drink
- equivalent to:
a 12 oz beer or wine cooler
5 oz wine
3 oz liqueur
1.5 oz hard liquor (80 proof)
Give the benefits of moderate alcohol intake. correct answers - increased HDL (good cholesterol)
- decreased chronic inflammation
- improved use of insulin and glucagon
- improved cognitive function
- red wine, white wine, and beer have phytochemicals in them
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