3 kinds of minorities - correct answer 1) immigrant minorities
2) indigenous minorities
3) border-change minorities
Describe the 3 generation pattern of language shift and loss (among immigrant groups) - correct answer
Gen 1: fluent in HL, survival skills in LML
Gen 2: Bilingual in HL and LML
Gen 3: fluent in LML, poor HL skills
Generation 1.5 - correct answer speaker born in home country, but spends most of
life in new country (fluent in LML and HL, but didn't spend all of life in new country)
Factors causing speakers to not learn their HLs (7) - correct answer 1) Political
factors
2) Social pressures
3) Economic factors
4) Social Status
5) Inter-marriage
6) School influence
7) Motivation
Factors that help transmit / maintain HLs (7) - correct answer 1) size and
concentration of minority/HL group
2) arrival of new monolingual immigrants
3) media availability in HL
4) isolated communities
5) visits to home country
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