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Exam (elaborations)

NBME CBSE exam with answers 2024

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  • Course
  • NBME CBSE
  • Institution
  • NBME CBSE

NBME CBSE exam with answers 2024

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  • September 25, 2024
  • 27
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NBME CBSE
  • NBME CBSE
avatar-seller
Fordenken
NBME CBSE exam with answers 2024
1. Bulbus cordis: Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
| | | | | | | | | |


2. endocardial cushions: Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum;AV | | | | | | |


and semilunar valves
| | |




neural crest |


3. left horn of the sinus venosus: coronary sinus
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4. posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins: IVC | | | | | | |


5. Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein: SVC
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6. Right horn of sinus venosus: Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
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7. Patent foramen ovale: failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse
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after birth
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8. Transposition of the great vessels | | | |


Tetralogy of Fallot
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Persistent truncus arteriosus: Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of
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neural crest cells to migrate
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9. ductus venosus: connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the
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liver
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becomes ligamentum venosum | |


10. phrenic nerve: innervates the diaphragm and pericardium | | | | | |


11. S3 heart sound: Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation,
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HF), common in dilated ventricles
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normal in kids and pregnant women
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12. S4 heart sound: atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
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| best heard at apex in LLD position
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High atrial pressure.
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Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) | | | | |




Always abnormal
| |


13. atria contract: a wave of JVP | | | | |


14. c wave: RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium) wave of JVP
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15. x descent: JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of closed tri-
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cuspid valve during rapid ventricular ejection phase
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1 |/ |27

,reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
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2 |/ |27

, 16. V wave: JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to filling against
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closed tricuspid valve
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17. y descent: JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
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absent in cardiac tamponade | | |


18. plusus parvus et tardus: pulses are weak with delayed peak | | | | | | | | |




Aortic stenosis |


19. PR interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
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120 milliseconds
|


20. QT interval length: 9 - 11 squares = .36 to .44 seconds
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21. Hypokalemia: U wave present on ECG | | | | |


22. Mg sulfate: for torsades de pointe, hypokalemia (can lengthen QT and cause
| | | | | | | | | | |


torsades), and pre-eclampsia (prevent seizures)
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23. Romano-Ward syndrome: -Congenital long QT syndrome | | | | |


-Autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deafness). | | | | | |


24. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: -Congenital long QT syndrome
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-Autosomal recessive, sensorineural deafness | | |


25. Brugada syndrome: -Autosomal dominant disorder affecting Na channels most | | | | | | | |


common in Asian males.
| | | |


-ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations in V1-V3 (anterio
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ventricular septum)
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-inc risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac deatgh
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Prevent SCD with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
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26. Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Most common type of ventriuclar pre-exci- | | | | | | |


tationsydnrome.Abnormal fast accessory conductionpathway from atria tovenricle
| | | | | | | | | | |


bypasses the rate-slowing AV node causing a delta wave and widening QRS with
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shortened PR interval.Could lead to a reentrant circuit and suprvaventicular tachy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |


27. First degree AV block: - PRI >5 boxes/.20 sec (200 msec)
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- Fixed but prolonged PRI | | |


(consistent but long)
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- normally get bradycardia here | | |


28. second degree AV block mobitz type 2: -PR interval is constant | | | | | | | | | |


-atrial conduction to ventricle is intermittent: dropped QRS without increasing PR
| | | | | | | | | |


interval length
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-disease below AV node in His bundle | | | | | |




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