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NBME CBSE exam with answers 2024
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NBME CBSE exam with answers 2024
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NBME CBSE exam with answers 20241. Bulbus cordis: Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
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2. endocardial cushions: Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum;AV | | | | | | |
and semilunar valves
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neural crest |
3. left horn of the sinus venosus: coronary sinus
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4. posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins: IVC | | | | | | |
5. Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein: SVC
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6. Right horn of sinus venosus: Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
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7. Patent foramen ovale: failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse
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after birth
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8. Transposition of the great vessels | | | |
Tetralogy of Fallot
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Persistent truncus arteriosus: Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of
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neural crest cells to migrate
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9. ductus venosus: connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the
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liver
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becomes ligamentum venosum | |
10. phrenic nerve: innervates the diaphragm and pericardium | | | | | |
11. S3 heart sound: Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation,
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HF), common in dilated ventricles
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normal in kids and pregnant women
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12. S4 heart sound: atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
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| best heard at apex in LLD position
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High atrial pressure.
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Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) | | | | |
Always abnormal
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13. atria contract: a wave of JVP | | | | |
14. c wave: RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium) wave of JVP
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15. x descent: JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of closed tri-
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cuspid valve during rapid ventricular ejection phase
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1 |/ |27
,reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
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2 |/ |27
, 16. V wave: JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to filling against
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closed tricuspid valve
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17. y descent: JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
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absent in cardiac tamponade | | |
18. plusus parvus et tardus: pulses are weak with delayed peak | | | | | | | | |
Aortic stenosis |
19. PR interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds
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120 milliseconds
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20. QT interval length: 9 - 11 squares = .36 to .44 seconds
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21. Hypokalemia: U wave present on ECG | | | | |
22. Mg sulfate: for torsades de pointe, hypokalemia (can lengthen QT and cause
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torsades), and pre-eclampsia (prevent seizures)
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23. Romano-Ward syndrome: -Congenital long QT syndrome | | | | |
-Autosomal dominant, pure cardiac phenotype (no deafness). | | | | | |
24. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: -Congenital long QT syndrome
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-Autosomal recessive, sensorineural deafness | | |
25. Brugada syndrome: -Autosomal dominant disorder affecting Na channels most | | | | | | | |
common in Asian males.
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-ECG pattern of pseudo-right bundle branch block and ST elevations in V1-V3 (anterio
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ventricular septum)
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-inc risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac deatgh
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Prevent SCD with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
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26. Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Most common type of ventriuclar pre-exci- | | | | | | |
tationsydnrome.Abnormal fast accessory conductionpathway from atria tovenricle
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bypasses the rate-slowing AV node causing a delta wave and widening QRS with
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shortened PR interval.Could lead to a reentrant circuit and suprvaventicular tachy.
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27. First degree AV block: - PRI >5 boxes/.20 sec (200 msec)
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- Fixed but prolonged PRI | | |
(consistent but long)
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- normally get bradycardia here | | |
28. second degree AV block mobitz type 2: -PR interval is constant | | | | | | | | | |
-atrial conduction to ventricle is intermittent: dropped QRS without increasing PR
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interval length
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-disease below AV node in His bundle | | | | | |
3 |/ |27
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