Level 2 - HESI Exam 2 Review Med-Surg
Practice, Fundamentals, Nutrition Questions
With Complete Solutions
a Chinese diet includes generous amounts of rice & veggies
which are often included in every meal. Correct Answer bland
or soft foods with a significant protein content, such as eggs, are
the best choice for a client with mouth irritation & will aide in
healing oral & buccal ulcers.
A client has taken steroids for 12 years to help manage
C.O.P.D., It is very important for the nurse to check the client's
temperature. Correct Answer Infection is the most common
factor precipitating respiratory distress. Clients with COPD who
are on maintenance doses of corticosteroids are particularly
predisposed to infection.
A client receiving cholestyramine (Questran) for hyperlipidemia
should be evaluated for vitamin K deficiency Correct Answer
Clients should be monitored for an increased prothrombin time
& prolonged bleeding times which would alert the nurse to a
vitamin K deficiency. These drugs reduce absorption of the fat
soluble (lipid) vitamins A, D, E, & K.
a deficiency of vitamin K. increases the client his for bleeding
due to inadequate hepatic synthesis of prothrombin. close
monitoring for hematuria, blood in stool, melena, bruising, or
ecchymosis is indicated Correct Answer when saturated fats
are replaced with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, there
is a reduced risk of coronary artery disease. this change in diet
,helps to reduce serum lipids that contribute to fatty plaque
formation by lowering L.D.L. levels in the blood
a low residue diet is low in fiber, soft in texture, & easily
digested. processed foods, like salami, are high in sodium, fat, &
encased with a tough membrane & should be avoided Correct
Answer foods that are high in iron, like raw broccoli, & over
the counter preparations, such as vitamin C., can affect the
results causing a false positive stool guaiac test & should be
avoided at least 3 days prior to the test.
A newly retracted nipple (A), compared to a life-long finding,
may be an indication of breast cancer and requires additional
follow-up. Correct Answer Inflammatory breast cancer, which
has a thickened appearance like an orange peel (peau d'orange),
is the most aggressive form of breast malignancies
a subjective global assessment examines 6 parameters including
recent weight change, dietary intake, G.I. symptoms, functional
capacity, stress level, & physical signs, such as muscle wasting,
edema, & skin rashes Correct Answer subjective global
assessment is the most complete tool to determine the nutritional
status of a client.
Achieving a healthy weight is critical to protect the joints of
clients with osteoarthritis. Correct Answer Most lumps are
benign, but it is always best to come in for an examination;
provides the best response because it addresses the client's
anxiety most effectively & encourages prompt & immediate
action for a potential problem.
, After renal transplantation, acute rejection is a risk for several
months, so immunosuppressive therapy, such as corticosteroids
& azathioprine (Imuran), is essential in preventing rejection,
Correct Answer so the priority instruction includes measures,
such as daily reminders, to ensure the client takes these
medications regularly.
AIDS is diagnosed when a specific opportunistic infection is
found in an otherwise healthy individual. Correct Answer
AIDS is diagnosed when one of several processes defined by the
CDC is present in an individual who is not otherwise
immunosuppressed.
Albumin should be infused within 4 hours because it does not
contain any preservatives. Any fluid remaining after 4 hours
should be discarded. Albumin administration does not require
blood typing. Correct Answer A large gauge catheter allows for
fast infusion rate, which may be necessary. Hemodilution may
decrease hemoglobin & hematocrit levels, while increased blood
volume & blood pressure may cause bleeding.
alcohol & caffeine are both diuretics & irritants, which
aggravate the bladder & worsen the client's incontinence, so
these liquids should be avoided. Correct Answer to minimize
symptoms of dumping syndrome, the client should limit fluid
consumption during meals to 8 ounces
Among the findings characteristic of a small bowel obstruction
is the presence of severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Correct Answer ulcerative colitis is 4 to 5 times more common
among individuals of Jewish European or Ashkenazi ancestry.
