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FRAIL ELDER MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECTLY VERIFIED GRADED A++ $10.49   Add to cart
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FRAIL ELDER MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECTLY VERIFIED GRADED A++
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FRAIL ELDER MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECTLY VERIFIED GRADED A++ The ability of an organism to maintain optimal internal environment in face of physiologic stress, the process in which the body maintains internal equilibrium homeostasis narrowing of reserve capacity, the chanc...

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  • September 25, 2024
  • 23
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • frail elder midterm exam questions and answers 100

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FRAIL ELDER MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS 100% CORRECTLY VERIFIED GRADED A++


The ability of an organism to maintain optimal internal environment in face of physiologic stress, the

process in which the body maintains internal equilibrium


homeostasis


narrowing of reserve capacity, the chance of developing some diseases increases with age, the normal

decline the the body's functional reserves


homeostenosis


the limit beyond which homeostasis cannot be restored


physiologic limit


describe the structural changes of the heart normally seen with aging


^ LV wall thickness, decreased LV chamber size, aortic valve/mitral annulus calcification


describe normal cellular changes of the heart with aging


decrease in number of cardiomyocytes, increased myocyte size, increased apoptosis, lipid deposits,

fibrosis, thickening of arterial intima


what are normal molecular changes seen in the heart with aging


altered ca2 handling, decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness


what are normal functional changes seen in the heart with aging

,increased after load, diastolic dysfunction, decreased contractility and maximum heart rate


the HRmax decreases progressively by about ___ BPM/year


1


SVxHR=


CO


what is the clinically measured index of contractility


ejection fraction


what are changes with aging that effects blood pressure


hypertension (systolic), predisposed to hypotension, baroreflex decreases with age, arterial stiffening,

decline of cerebral autoregulation


what are SX of dehydration


AMS, lethargy, syncope, weakness


what are causes of dehydration


poor intake, DM, diarrhea, CKD, febrile illness, vomiting, diuretics


what does the physical exam of dehydration show


decreased skin turgor, dry MM, orthostatic hypotension


what does lab work show with dehydration


^ HCT, BUN/cr ratio (normally 10:1)


what is the treatment for dehydration

, Unless patient in shock, safely correct 2-3 days, Oral rehydration if possible, Isotonic saline, Monitor labs

and PE


what is orthostatic hypotension associated with


dizziness, presyncope, syncope, falls, stroke, MI


Fall in systolic BP of >20mm Hg OR Diastolic drop of >10mm Hg


orthostatic hypotension


what are differential diagnoses of orthostatic hypotension


Common: Medications such as diuretics, anticholinergics, nitrates, antihypertensives, anti-Parkinsonian,

Dehydration, Blood loss/anemia, Hypokalemia, Bed rest/deconditioning, Malnutrition, Less common:

aortic stenosisSevere venous insufficiencyParkinson's DiseaseDiabetic autonomic

neuropathyIdiopathicPerhaps more w/ tall thin elderly men


how do you assess for orthostatic hypotension


Measure BP and HR after 10 min of rest in supine position AND 1 AND 3 minutes after standing


what is the treatment for orthostatic hypotension


medication adjustment, liberalize salt and fluid intake, rise slowly, florin or midodrine in refractory cases


what are consequences of frailty symptoms


weight loss, weakness, fatigue, inactivity, decreased food intake, social withdrawal, sarcopenia,

balance/gait abnormalities, de-conditioning, decreased bone mass


decline in muscle mass associated with aging


sarcopenia

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