INTRO Nature of Nursing Module 1 Exam
ALL Questions with Correct Answers
Before nurses can apply clinical judgment/
clinical reasoning to patient care and healthcare situations they
must first develop - Answer-clinical judgment/clinical reasoning
critical thinking - Answer-logical and realistic thoughtful judgments that are directed
toward clari-
fying what is true and what is false
clinical judgement/clinical reasoning - Answer-the thinking nurses use to make
judgments about
a patient situation. It is a logical process of collecting cues, processing information,
under-
standing the problem or situation, then planning and implementing interventions.
The type of critical thinking used by the nurse is - Answer-deliberate, skillful,
responsible, and thoughtful
Self-guided thinkers - Answer-are independent thinkers who are able to explain their
thinking, determine what thinking needs to be employed in a particular situation, then
apply their thinking to arrive at a sound decision.
deliberate practice enhances - Answer-1.Student performance/achievement
2.The amount and depth of student thinking
3.Students' conscious focus on their learning
4.The development of reflective and responsible professionalism
contextual - Answer-deliberate practice with _______________ thinking
deliberate practice - Answer-The path to expert thinking requires many instances of
_______________ ___________, breaking down all the elements of thinking
that must be used to reach a sound decision. As you engage in ___________
______________ you will constantly reflect on the thinking you used, identify what went
right, identify any errors, correct the errors, then use what you learned for the next
session.
With deliberate practice, you will demonstrate - Answer-connections among many
pieces of information and discover solutions to problems by applying critical thinking
abilities to nursing.
,Critical thinking and clinical reasoning are important to transform the nursing information
you are learning to useable knowledge, not... - Answer-just learning information but
using information for the best possible decision
contextual thinking - Answer-A major component of critical thinking in any situation is to
always consider the context in which the situation is occurring. This is called
The three components of the Caputi Model for Teaching thinking in Nursing are -
Answer-•Dr. Benner's Novice to Expert Teory (Benner, 2001)
•Dr. Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model (Tanner, 2006)
•Specific critical thinking skills and strategies
The 5 Stages of Dr. Benner's Novice to Expert Theory - Answer-Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
Gray - Answer-Nursing is not back or white. It is _________, which means it depends.
Dr. Tanner's Clinical Judgement Model - Answer-•Noticing
•Interpreting
•Responding
•Reflecting
Noticing - Answer-The Noticing Step involves collecting data about the patient or a
healthcare situation. The nurse uses assessment techniques such as observation and
auscultation to collect data.
self confidence - Answer-The nurse must have the _______ _____________ to be
comfortable
asking for help. Not noticing a problem or issue because the nurse may need help with
the situation is an unacceptable behavior
Interpreting - Answer-Once you notice there is a problem and collect data, you must
make sense of that information. You interpret
what the data mean. An overall term for all the thinking skills in this step is data
analysis. Nurses analyze
the data using a variety of thinking skills and strategies to make sense of the data to
determine issues, problems, or concerns.
Responding - Answer-The conclusions you made based on interpretation of the data
determine how you will respond to the situation. In other words, the determinations
made in the Interpreting Step are important for deciding how and to what degree you
will respond.
,Reflecting - Answer-Reviewing your thinking and its effectiveness encourages deeper
under-standing of your ability to think, supports self-evaluation, and, with honest
reflection, fosters growth in your ability to use critical thinking and clinical judgment.
Reflection-IN-Action - Answer-occurs while you are providing care for the patient or
addressing the healthcare environment issue
Reflection-ON-Action - Answer-occurs upon completion of the action. °is step is critical
to improving thinking. During this step you mentally review what just happened to
determine what went right and what went wrong.
Reflective thinking is ______________ to learning and growing as a nurse - Answer-
tantamount
Breaking down critical thinking into its parts means teaching students _________ critical
thinking skills and strategies. - Answer-specific
Without learning the building blocks of thinking in nursing, you cannot - Answer-think
about your thinking but only hope your thinking is
correct as you work to answer the "why" questions posed.
The missing piece is teaching students the actual thinking process so they can develop
- Answer-clinical judgment/clinical reasoning
students must ___________ thinking skills before they can use thinking skills - Answer-
develop
Just learning the knowledge is never enough; knowing how to use that knowledge when
needed in a ____________ __________ is what nurses must be able to do. - Answer-
specific situation
The nursing process involves five dynamic and fluid phases. Within each of these
phases, the client and family story is embedded and is used as a foundation for
knowledge, judgment, and actions brought to the client care experience. A description
of the "patient's story" and each aspect of the nursing process follow. The five phases
are: - Answer-Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Intervention
Evaluation
The "patients story" - Answer-a term used to describe objective and subjective
information about the client that describes who the client is as a person in addition to
their usual medical history
ADPIE broken down - Answer-1. Assess: perform a nursing assessment.
, 2. Diagnose: make nursing diagnoses.
3. Plan: formulate and write outcome/goal statements and determine appropriate
nursing interventions based on the client's reality and evidence (research).
4. Implement care.
5. Evaluate the outcomes and the nursing care that has been implemented. Make
necessary revisions in care interventions as needed.
The next section is an overview and practical application of the steps of the nursing
process. The steps are listed in the usual order in which they are performed.
Assessment Phase - Answer-This phase of the nursing process is foundational for
appropriate diagnosis, planning, and intervention. Data on all dimensions of the
"patient's story," including biophysical, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and
environmental characteristics, are embedded in the assessment, which involves
performing a thorough holistic nursing assessment of the client. This is the first step
needed to make an appropriate nursing diagnosis, and it is done using the assessment
format adopted by the facility or educational institution in which the practice is situated.
Diagnosis Phase - Answer-In this phase of the nursing process, the nurse begins
clustering the information within the client story and formulates an evaluative judgment
about a client's health status. Only after a thorough analysis—which includes
recognizing cues, sorting through and organizing or clustering the information, and
determining client strengths and unmet needs—can an appropriate diagnosis be made.
This process of thinking is called clinical reasoning.
clinical reasoning - Answer-is a cognitive process that uses formal and informal thinking
strategies to gather and analyze client information, evaluate the significance of this
information, and determine the value of alternative actions described this cognitive
process as "thinking like a nurse."
A working __________ ____________ may have two or three parts - Answer-nursing
diagnosis
The two part nursing diagnosis - Answer-consists of the nursing diagnosis and the
"related to" (r/t) statement: "Related factors are etiologies, circumstances, facts, or
influences that have some type of relationship with the nursing diagnosis (e.g., cause,
contributed factor)."
The three part Nursing Diagnosis - Answer-consists of the nursing diagnosis, the r/t
statement, and the defining characteristics, which are "observable cues/inferences that
cluster as manifestations of an actual or wellness nursing diagnosis"
PES System - Answer-P (problem)—The nursing diagnosis label: a concise term or
phrase that represents a pattern of related cues. The nursing diagnosis is taken from
the official NANDA-I list.
E (etiology)—"Related to" (r/t) phrase or etiology: related cause or contributor to the
problem.
