PLTW Medical Interventions Unit 1/ Exam Questions with
Correct Verified Answers/ Updated 2024/ Rated A+
Pathogen - ANSWER - A specific causative agent of disease
Outbreak - ANSWER - A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
DNA Sequencing - ANSWER - The DNA is placed in order by size (smallest to largest) using gel
electrophoresis or a similar method. It is then tagged by color (using fluorescent markers on the stoppers
of the DNA) as to what nucleotide it represents. The nucleotides in size order are the DNA sequence. The
bacteria can be identified using BLAST
Patient Symptoms/Risk Factors Organizer - ANSWER - Chart detailing information about patients'
symptoms and any part of their lifestyle or background that may increase their risk for certain diseases.
Primer - ANSWER - Complimentary DNA segment that allows the enzyme to bind to the DNA for DNA
replication.
Bioinformatics - ANSWER - The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of biochemical and
biological information using computers especially as applied in molecular genetics and genomics.
Final Extension: Ten minutes at medium temp, ensure DNA has finished replicating
pg. 1
, Antibody - ANSWER - An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that functions as the
effector in an immune response
Antigen - ANSWER - A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism and elicits an
immune response
ELISA - ANSWER - (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assay) A quantitative in vitro test for an antibody or
antigen in which the test material is absorbed on a surface and exposed either to a complex of an
enzyme linked to an antibody specific for the antigen or an enzyme linked to an anti-immunoglobulin
specific for the antibody followed by reaction of the enzyme with a substrate to yield a colored product
corresponding to the concentration of the test material.
ELISA Steps - ANSWER - 1. The sample is added to a plastic well, where the proteins are bound to the cell
wall. A detergent washes away unbound proteins while preventing more proteins from binding to the
cell wall.
2. The Primary Antibody binds to a specific antigen in the cell. Excess is washed away.
3. The Secondary Antibody, which is bound to the enzyme, is added. Excess is washed away.
4. The enzyme substrate is added, causing the liquid to turn blue (oxidation)
Enzyme - ANSWER - A protein serving as a catalyst; a chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction
without being consumed by the reaction
Serial Dilution - ANSWER - A stepwise dilution of a substance in a solution
Nucleoid - ANSWER - Contains the genophore
Plasmid - ANSWER - Small, circular piece of DNA. Located in the cytoplasm and contain information for
antibiotic resistance.
Solute - ANSWER - Substance dissolved in another substance
Solvent - ANSWER - A substance, usually a liquid, in which another substance is dissolved.
pg. 2
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