Exam (elaborations)
GMS6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY
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GMS6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY
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GMS6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICALPHYSIOLOGY
T or F: Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be a voluntary movement. -
Answers -False
T or F: In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is the major muscle type. - Answers -
True
T or F: In our body, approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted into the GI
tract daily, but only 100 ml of water is secreted into the feces. - Answers -True
What is the normal movement of blood through the heart? - Answers -Right atrium- right
ventricle- lung- left atrium- left ventricle
Normally, humans have _____ lobes in the left lung and _____ lobes in the right lung. -
Answers -2, 3
In the lung, gas exchange occurs mostly in the _______ - Answers -Alveoli
The urinary system is composed of ____ kidneys, _____ ureters and ______ bladders. -
Answers -2, 2, 2
Filtered waste from the glomerulus moves in what order, ending with the collecting
duct? - Answers -Bowmans capsule- proximal tubule- loop of Henle- distal tubule-
collecting duct
T or F: Both endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in controlling the
activities of many different organ systems to maintain homeostasis. - Answers -True
Specificity of hormone action in the target cells is determined by ________ - Answers -
Receptors
T or F: The area of nerve axon not wrapped by myelin sheath (non-myelinated area) is
called nodes of Ranvier where action potential is insulated. - Answers -False. Nodes are
non-insulated
What chemical component of the plasma membrane prevents ions from readily and
freely moving across the membrane? - Answers -Lipids
Cell Membrane Potential is controlled by the ___________ as well as ___________
existing across a cell's plasma membrane. - Answers -Relative degree of ion
permeability, ion concentration gradients
, Rhabdomyolysis can lead to cardiac muscle cell pathology as the result of creating a
condition of _________ (excessive ___ concentration in the plasma). - Answers -
Hyperkalemia, K+
A normal lean person consists of _____ water. - Answers -~60%
Most of the sodium in the body is ______ the cells. - Answers -Outside
The __________ is the main barrier between the intracellular and extracellular fluids. -
Answers -Cell membrane
T or F: To measure the volume of the entire extracellular fluid compartment, we use a
substance that moves freely across the capillary but cannot enter the cell. - Answers -
True. Ex: inulin
T or F: Water and small solutes move across the capillary wall by active transport. -
Answers -False
T or F: The osmolality of the body fluids is greater when all the solutes are large. -
Answers -False. Osmolality is determined by number of particles, not size.
T or F: All water movement in and out of cell is passive. - Answers -True
T or F: Sodium (Na) is effectively impermeable at the cell wall. - Answers -True
Eating a meal high in salt, without drinking any water will lead to what changes in
intracellular and extracellular volume? - Answers -Sodium stays extracellular, so water
moves out of cells and into extracellular space. ECF increases, ICF decreases.
T or F: A pure water solution can safely be infused intravenously to a dehydrated
person. - Answers -False. Water would enter cells, causing lysis. Give D-5% instead
and after glucose metabolism, it is equivalent to giving water.
T or F: Hormones produce physiological actions by binding to receptors at their target
cells/tissues. - Answers -True
T or F: There are specific receptors for each hormone. - Answers -True
T or F: Receptors for peptide hormones are always on the inside (cytoplasm; nucleus)
of target cells. - Answers -False.
T or F: GPCR are also known as seven trans-membrane (7TM) receptors. - Answers -
True
T or F: Gaq proteins couple to adenylyl cyclase. - Answers -False
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