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NURS 611 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTION AND ANSWERS MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY
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NURS 611 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTION AND ANSWERS (Summer Series) MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY
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NURS 611 ADVANCEDPATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
QUESTION AND ANSWERS (Summer
Series) MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY
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1. What is the first defense of our bodies?
Skin and mucous membranes
2. Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process?
To prevent infection of the injured tissue
If the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly efficient local and system response
(inflammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect against infection,
and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue.
3. What are the 4 cardinal signs of infection?
Edema (tumor), warmth (calor), redness (rubor), and pain (dolar).
There is a 5th sign known as loss of function (functio laesa) but Dr. Wunderlich did not
mention this.
4. Which type of white blood cell is first to arrive at the site of infection?
Leukocytes
5. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
Increased capillary permeability
The increased flow and capillary permeability result in a leakage of plasma from the
vessels, causing swelling in the surrounding tissue and is solely responsible for
inflammation-induced edema.
6. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process?
Vasodilation of blood vessels
The increased blood flow, as a result of vasodilation and increasing concentration of red
cells at the site of inflammation cause locally increased warmth and redness.
7. The chemotactic factor affects the inflammatory process by?
Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area
Two chemotactic factors, neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) and eosinophil
chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A), are released during mast cell degranulation.
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NCF attracts neutrophils (a type of leukocytes), and ECF-A attracts eosinophils to the site
of inflammation.
8. What is pain mediated by?
Histamines, bradykinins, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins
9. The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:
Tag the pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
C3b adheres to the surface of a pathogenic microorganism and serves as an efficient
opsonin. Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for destruction by cells of the
inflammatory system, primarily neutrophils and macrophages.
10. During phagocytosis what is occurring during the step referred to as opsonization?
Phagocytes recognize and adhere to the bacteria
During phagocytosis, opsonization involes only the recognition and adherence of
phagocytes to bacteria.
11. What is the correct sequence of phagocytosis?
Recognition (opsonization), engulfment, fusion, and destruction
Once the phagocytic cell enters the inflammatory site, the only correct sequence of
phagocytosis involves opsonization or recognition of the target and adherence of
the phagocyte to it, engulfment, or ingestion or endocytosis, and the formation of
phagosome, fusion with lysosomal granules within the phagocyte and destruction of
the target.
12. Which manifestations of inflammation is systemic?
Fever and leukocytosis
The only primary systemic changes associated with the acute inflammatory response are
fever, leukocytosis (a transient increase in circulating leukocytes), and increased levels
in circulating plasma proteins.
13. The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the
hypothalamus being affected by?
Endogenous pyrogens
Fever-causing cytokines are known as endogenous pyrogens.
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