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CPAP Exam 5 Review With Questions And Answers
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CPAP Exam 5 Review With Questions And AnswersWhat is normal for an ABG?
pH 7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2 35 - 45 mmHg
HCO3- 22 - 26 mEq/L
PaO2 80 - 100 mmHg
What is normal for VBG?
pH 7.30 - 7.40
PaCO2 42 - 48 mmHg
HCO3- 24 - 30 mEq/L
PaO2 35 - 45 mmHg
What does an ABG look like for acidosis?
Any pH < 7.35
Any HCO3- < 22
What does an ABG look like for alkalosis?
Any pH above 7.45
Any HCO3- above 26
3 Lines of Defense for Acid-Base Regulation
1. Chemical Buffer System
-Carbonic-acid bicarbonate buffer system-Phosphate buffer system-Protein buffer
system
2. Respiratory System
3. Renal System
How fast does the chemical buffer system start working and effective to give acid-base
, balance?
Answers within fraction of a second to oppose pH changes; 1st line of defense
How long does it take for the respiratory system to kick in and start to work for
acid-base balance?
acts within one to three minutes
-not too efficient at this
How long does it take for the renal system to kick in and start to work for acid-base
balance?
requires 1 day or more to correct abnormal pH; the body's monitor and regulator; most
effective
What is a strong acid and what does it do?
Strong acids completely and irreversibly dissociate completely in water and change the
pH of the solution.
What are some examples of weak acids?
carbonic acid H2CO3
acetic acid HC2H3O2
What is a base?
proton acceptor; taste bitter and slippery; a substance that takes up H+ ions; when
dissolved in water, hydroxides dissociates into hydroxide ions and cations. (HCO3-;
NH3)
What is the pH of pure water?
7 (neutral)
What happens to carbonic acid when it dissociates and what are the products?
it dissociates reversibly and releases bicarbonate ions and protons
Hypoventilation
a respiratory system pathophysiological condition whereby the volume of air that enters
the alveoli and participate in gas exchange
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