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CPAP EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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CPAP EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERSHow do you convert L/min into L/sec?
(X)/60
What is Ppl?
intrapleural pressure
what is Ppl normal value during quiet/normal ventilation? (positive or negative)
negative -3 to -5 H2O cm
how do we increase alveolar minute ventilation/volume?
increasing tidal volume
what has to happen for air flow into and out of the lungs?
change in pressure,
what is average tidal volume for an average person in how many ml/kg?
500 ml per breath or 7 ml/kg of body weight.
what is the normal elastic nature of the lungs/chest wall?
lungs naturally want to shrink inward/collapse
chest wall naturally wants to push outward/expand
what is the formula for compliance?
Compliance = Δ volume/Δ pressure
what is functional residual capacity (FRC)?
The point where the chest's desire to push outward meets the lungs' desire to collapse
FRC= ERV + RV
what is total lung-thorax compliance and its value in a normal subject?
difference between 2 pressures ( so if total lung-thorax is 200 ml per cm H2O you would
1/2 and it would equal 100 ml per cm H2O)
what does it mean when you hit equilibrium during inhale/exhale?
,there is no airflow into/out of the lungs
how do you convert torr to cm H2O?
mm Hg (torr) to cm H2O: 1 mm Hg ÷0.7355 (factor) = 1.36 cm H2O
what is surfactant and what does it do?
Surfactant: surface active substance which coats the alveoli and reduces surface
tension.
what increases R(AW)?
any type of obstruction ( bronchospasm, inflammation, mucus, etc)
what is transplmonary pressure P(tp) the product of?
the difference between alveolar pressure (Palv) and pleural pressure (Ppl) (Ptp)=
P(alv)-P(pl)
what are the different types of flow through the airways?
laminar, turbulent, and transitional flow
how does flow and pressure relate in laminar flow?
the flow of gas is streamed parallel to the sides of the tube. low flow rates and
low-pressure gradients
what are the different types of flow/what do they mean?
Laminar Flow: straight-occurs at low flow rates/ low pressure gradients
Turbulent Flow: random (occurs at high flow rates/ high pressure gradient)
Transitional Flow: both (mixture of laminar/turbulent)
what is hooke's law?
used to explain compliance by describing the physical properties of an elastic
substance. Elastance is the natural ability of matter to respond directly to force and to
return to its original resting position or shape after the external force no longer exists.
Elastance is the reciprocal of compliance.
what is R(AW)?
that is, the pressure difference between the mouth and alveoli (transrespiratory
pressure) divided by the flow rate. The pressure developed by gas flowing through the
, conducting tubes of the lungs is called. The major influences on airway resistance are
the size of the airway and the flow rate of the gas through the airways.
Raw = ΔP/flow
what is laplace's law?
describes how the distending pressure of a liquid bubble is influenced by 1) the surface
tension of the bubble and 2) the size of the bubble itself.
how does resistance impact the lungs?
when lung resistance is
how does compliance impact the lungs?
when lung compliance is decreased the lung is more difficult to ventilate (less volume is
delivered per unit of pressure applied)
what are the differing values for one standard atmosphere?
760 mm Hg
1034 mm Hg
101.3 kPa
what is the IBW calculation for male/female?
MALE: 106 ( 6 x (X) ) x 0.453 = KG
FEMALE: 105 ( 5 x (X) ) x 0.453 = KG
what is biot's breathing pattern?
short episodes of rapid, uniformly deep inspirations, followed by 10-30 seconds of
apnea. (first described in patients suffering from meningitis).
what is cheyne-stokes breathing pattern?
10-30 seconds of apnea, followed by a slow ramp-up in the volume and frequency of
breathing up to a peak, then a ramp-down in volume and frequency back to apnea.
Associated with cerebral disorders and CHF.
what is kussmaul's breathing pattern?
both increased depth (hyperpnea) and rate of breathing. Commonly associated with
diabetic acidosis (ketoacidosis).
what is the R(AW) calculation?
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