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Pharmacology Weeks 1-3 M4 Prototype Meds Exam 100% Correct Answers Latest Update
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Pharmacology Weeks 1-3 M4 Prototype Meds Exam 100%Correct Answers Latest Update
Hydrochlorothiazide class (prototype)
thiazide diuretic
Hydrochlorothiazide MOA
Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride at the distal renal tubules (blocking the
chloride pump), increasing the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water by kidneys
Hydrochlorothiazide Indications
-edema w/ HF, cirrhosis, corticosteroid or estrogen therapy, renal dysfunction
-HTN (or w/ combination); 1st line drug to treat HTN!!
Hydrochlorothiazide Pharmacokinetics
-administered via oral route, onset is 2 hours
-peak effects occur 4-6 hours after administered
-lasts up to 12 hrs after administration (6-12 hrs)
-is excreted in urine almost entirely unchanged
Hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Effects
-hypokalemia
,-hypotension
-long-term use: hyperglycemia
-dizziness/vertigo
-orthostatic hypotension
-electrolyte imbalances/alterations
-nausea & vomiting
-anorexia (not eating)
-dry mouth
-diarrhea
-dehydration -> hypovolemia!!
-diarrhea
-polyuria & nocturia
-muscle cramps/spasms (low K-)
Hydrochlorothiazide Half-life
,-5.6 to 14 hours
-metabolized in liver & excreted in urine
Thiazide diuretics end in:
-thiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide Drug-Drug Interactions
-Increased risk of digoxin/quinidine/lithium toxicity
-Decreased effectiveness of antidiabetic agents
Hydrochlorothiazide Contraindications/Cautions
Contraindications:
-allergy to thiazide/sulfonamides
-hypovolemia
-severe renal disease
Cautions:
-SLE
-glucose tolerance abnormalities
, -gout
-liver disease
-hyperparathyroidism
-bipolar disorder
-pregnancy & lactation
Furosemide (Lasix) (prototype)
Loop Diuretic
Loop diuretics end in:
-semide
Furosemide MOA
blocks active reabsorption of sodium & chloride-producing drugs, having a blocking
action on the chloride pump from distal renal tubules and the loop of Henle. Results are
sodium-rich diuresis
Furosemide Indications
-edema associated w/ HF, acute pulmonary edema
-hypertension
Furosemide Pharmacokinetics
-oral, onset: 60 min, peak: 60-120 min, duration: 6-8 hrs
-IV/IM, onset: 5 min, peak: 30 min, duration: 2 hrs
Furosemide Half-life
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