Exam (elaborations)
NUR 1290 Molloy College -NUR 1290 Pharmacology Final Exam Review.
- Course
- NUR 1290
- Institution
- Molloy College
NUR 1290 Molloy College -NUR 1290 Pharmacology Final Exam Review.
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NUR 1290 Pharmacology Final Exam Review9 Rights of Medication Administration Correct Answers Right:
1. Drug
2. Dose
3. Time
4. Route & Form
5. Patient
6. Documentation
7. Reason
8. Response
9. right to Refuse
Absorption Correct Answers The movement of the drug from
the site of administration into the bloodstream
ACE Inhibitors end in Correct Answers "pril" ; causes cough
Action of Insulin Correct Answers 1. Stimulate carbohydrate
metabolism:
-transports glucose into cells
-facilitates glucose conversion to glycogen for liver storage
2. Fat metabolism:
-promotes fatty acid utilization
3. Protein metabolism:
-increases protein synthesis
-prevents muscle protein break down
4. *Keeps kidneys free of glucose*
Active Immunity Correct Answers Body's immune system
generates antibodies after exposure to antigen
,*Natural:* antibodies generated by the immune system during
encounter with disease antigen.
*Artificial:* antigen admined as vaccine immunization -> forces
body's immune system to generate antibodies.
*-Provides life long or long lasting immunity*
Acute Pain Correct Answers Pain after surgery or broken bone;
will heal and go away
-Sudden onset
-Usually subsides once treated
Adrenergic Drug: Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers Correct
Answers (Peripheral);Blood vessels(Inhibits)
*Action*: Dilates arteries and veins to decrease peripheral
vascular resistance; leads to decrease in BP.
*Ex.* doxazosin(Cardura)
Adrenergic Drug: Alpha 2 Adrenergic receptor agonists Correct
Answers (Central); Parasympathetic(Activates)
*Action*: reduces the SNS response, and reduces renin
production by kidneys -> less water retention -> decreases BP
*Ex.* clonidine(Catapres)(oral and topical patch)
Adrenergic Drug: Beta 1 Blockers Correct Answers
(Peripheral)
*Ex.* nebivolol(Bystolic)(B blockers end in "olol")
*Action* Blocks beta 1 receptors: Decreases HR, force of
Contraction, Conduction -> Resulting in decreased myocardial
O2 demand and increased O2 delivery to the heart
*indications*: treatment of HTN, heart failure, angina, MI,
Dysrhythmias
,*Side Effects*:Bradycardia, lethargy, GI disturbance, CHF,
decrease BP
Adrenergic Drugs: Dual-Action Alpha 1 and Beta 1 receptor
blockers Correct Answers *Action:* Reduces HR(Beta1
receptor blockade) & causes vasodilation(Alpha 1 receptor
blockade)
*Ex.* carvedilol(Coreg)
Caution in non-selective beta-blockers: Blocking beta 2 causes
bronchoconstriction
Adverse effects Correct Answers Unintended, but expected
side effects
Adverse Effects of Adrenergic Drugs Correct Answers 1.
Orthostatic hypotension(first dose syncope)
2. Rebound hypertension with abrupt withdrawal
3. Rebound tachycardia
4. Bradycardia(Beta 1 blocker)
5. Fatigue, dizziness
6. Sexual dysfunction
7. No selective beta drugs associated with bronchoconstriction
and hypoglycemia
8. CNS depression: avoid with ETOH, opioids, bentos, and
activities requiring mental alertness
Adverse Effects of Insulin Correct Answers 1. Hypoglycemia
-hunger, weakness
-Cardiac: rapid HR, pale, cool to touch
-CNS: headache, confusion, irritability, tremor, &
diaphoretic(sweating)
, -later symptoms: hypothermia & seizures
2. Weight gain(cells being fed)
3. Lipodystrophy: redistribution of fat tissue; lump or small dent
in skin
4. Local allergic reaction(rare)
5. Hypokalemia (low K+ from insulin use)
Agonist Correct Answers Drug binds to the receptor, there is a
response
Alpha 1 Correct Answers Blood vessels; Vasoconstricts
Analgesics Correct Answers Medications that relieve pain
without loss of consciousness (Painkillers)
Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBS) Correct Answers
*Ex.* losartan(Cozaar); "sartan" drugs
*Action:* Blocks the receptors that receive Angiotensin 2 ->
blocks vasoconstriction and secretion of aldosterone
*Adverse Effects:* Hypotension; chest fatigue, urinary
infections, diarrhea
-Less risk of hyperkalemia, does not cause dry cough like ACE
inhibitors
NOTE:
1. Renin tells —> Angiotensin 1 -to convert-> Angiotensin 2
(vasoconstrictor); Aldosterone -> retains Na & H2O; dumps K+
2. Stops process at Angiotensin 2 so it can't bind to Receptors
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Correct
Answers *Action*: Inhibits angiotensin 1 from converting to
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