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Midterm one review notes CH 7-10 for Facciotti
- Course
- BIS 2A
- Institution
- University Of California - Davis
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BIS 2A Midterm One Review Ch 7-10Bacterial And Arcaheal Diversity:
• Prokaryotes: single-celled organisms with no membrane-bound nucleus or lipid membrane-bound
organelles
◦ Refers to the morphological characteristics instead of phylogenetic group
◦ Bacteria and Archaea
• Certain bacterial and archaeal species can thrive in
inhospitable environments
• They recycle the nutrients essential for creating
new biomolecules
• Functions of organelles
◦ Cell wall-> protects from hyper and hypo-osmotic conditions
◦ Nucleoide-> contains genetic material
◦ Plasmid-> non-essential replicating elements of DNA
◦ Cytoplasm-> Soluble reactions occur, contains ribosomes
◦ Ribosomes-> Protein-RNA complex where protein synthesis occurs
The First Inhabitants Of Earth:
• Earth is around 4.54 billion years old
• There was no molecular oxygen(anoxic atmosphere)
◦ Only anaerobic organisms(organisms that can grow without oxygen) could live
, • Phototrophs: autotrophic organisms that convert solar energy into chemical energy
• Cyanobacteria: blue-green algae; evolved from simple phototrophs
◦ They began oxygenating the atmosphere
◦ This allowed evolutions of new life forms
• Methods to scientists use to trace common ancestry
◦ Comparative genetic analysis
◦ Biochemistry
◦ Fossil records
• Microbial Mats: multilayer sheets of microbes(mostly bacteria and sometimes archaea)
◦ Grows on moist surfaces
◦ Harvested energy through redox reactions from chemicals found in hydrothermal vents
• Stromatolites: sedimentary structure formed when minerals precipitate out of water due to
metabolic activity of the microbial mat
• Extremophiles: "lovers of extremes"
◦ Can not survive in moderate conditions
Shapes Of Bacteria:
Cocci(spherical) Bacilli(rod-shaped) Spirilli(spiral-shaped)
Constaints On Bacterial And Archaeal Cell
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