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Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Exam 1 with 100% correct
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Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Exam 1 with 100% correct
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Introduction to Biological Anthropology:Exam 1
Anthropology - correct answer ✔✔the study of human culture, diversity, and evolution
Cultural Antropology - correct answer ✔✔ethnography, urban, medical, economic, applied
Physical Anthropology - correct answer ✔✔paleoanthropology, paleoprimatology, genetics, primatology,
forensics, paleopathology
Linguistics - correct answer ✔✔unto itself!
Archeology - correct answer ✔✔prehistoric, historical, cultural resource management
Aristotle - correct answer ✔✔-4th century BC
-great chain of being
-there is a progressive order from "lower" to "higher" organisms
Plato - correct answer ✔✔created essentialism
Essentialism - correct answer ✔✔-things have a set of unchanging
characteristics that make them what they are
-variation among things is just unimportant deviation from the
"essence"
Beliefs prior to the 1830s - correct answer ✔✔1. Species are composed of similar individuals sharing the
same essence.
2. Species are separated from one another by well-defined discontinuities.
,3. Species are constant through time (i.e., fixed, immutable).
4. There are stringent limitations to the possible variation of any one species.
Teleology - correct answer ✔✔argument from design
Archbishop James Ussher - correct answer ✔✔-1650
-used annals fo the Old Testament to deduce the first origin of the world
-thought the Earth was created in 4004 BC
-ptolomeic cosmology
-earth is the center of everything
Copernicus - correct answer ✔✔-1514
-he believed the Sun centered the solar system
-no one believed him though
Galileo - correct answer ✔✔-early 1600s
-repeated Copernican ideas; confrontation with the church led to house arrest
John Ray - correct answer ✔✔-1627-1705
-concept of genus and species
-recognized reproductive continuity and isolation as basic characters of a species
Carolus Linnaeus - correct answer ✔✔-1707-1778
-father of Taxonomy and Systematics
-published the Systema Naturae in 1735
-formalized bionomial system (genus and species)
Linnean hierarchy - correct answer ✔✔-Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
-classified Homo sapiens as an animal
, -believed in fixity of species
Compte de Buffon (Georges Louis LeClerc) - correct answer ✔✔-1707-1788
-believed animals change in response to their environment
-no purpose, no direction, no change in nature
-rejected idea of transmutation of species
Erasmus Darwin - correct answer ✔✔-1731-1802
-Darwin's grandfather
-expressed ideas of evolution and transmutation of species long before Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamark - correct answer ✔✔-1744-1829
-father of Biology
-first serious theoretical attempt to explain mechanism of evolution
-interaction between organism and environment
-theory of acquired characters
Theory of acquired characters - correct answer ✔✔"vital essences" sense need through use, change the
form and pass on to offspring
Georges Cuvier - correct answer ✔✔-1769-1832
-paleontologist; concept of extinction (radical notion)
-recognized that different animals occur in different strata (layers of rock)
-explained by "Catastaphism" where different floods wiped out creation, followed by newer, better
creations
-Today's creation (Genesis) is the latest and best
Charles Lyell - correct answer ✔✔-1797-1875
-Father of modern Geology
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