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medical biology (semmelweis exam ) questions and answer
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medical biology (semmelweis exam )parts of cell - Correct Answers -parts of cell
Nucleoid Region: - Correct Answers -a non-membrane-enclosed region of the cell
where prokaryotic DNA is found
Nucleolus: - Correct Answers -Makes ribosomes. Sits in nucleus, no membrane
Peroxisomes - Correct Answers -Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol,
hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
Collect and break down material
Rough ER - Correct Answers -That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with
ribosomes.
Accept mRNA to make proteins
Smooth ER: - Correct Answers -That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Detox & make lipids
Golgi Apparatus - Correct Answers -A system of membranes that modifies and
packages proteins for export by the cell
Modify / distribute proteins. Only in eukaryotes
Vesicular Transport - Correct Answers -endocytosis and exocytosis
Transport of large particles and macromolecules across plasma membranes
COPII -> FORWARD
COPI <- RETRUN
,Cisternal Maturation - Correct Answers -Golgi cisternae move from the cis to the trans
face, changing their internal enzymes as they do so. When they reach the trans face,
they break up into vesicles.
Vesicles travel in retrograde New Cis made Cis/Medial/Trans/Exit
Centrioles - Correct Answers -a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal
cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only
Centrioles: 9 groups of microtubules, pull chromosomes apart.
Lysosomes - Correct Answers -cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down
certain materials in the cell
Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts
Demo & Recycling center. Made by Golgi. Single membrane
Plasmids - Correct Answers -Small rings of DNA found naturally in some bacterial cells
in addition to the main bacterial chromosome. Can contain genes for antibiotic
resistance, or other "contingency" functions.
small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome
In prokaryotes. Carry DNA not necessary for survival.
Cytoskeleton - Correct Answers -Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments - Correct Answers -Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and
support of the cell
Actin
Microtubules - Correct Answers -Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike
structure
Tubulin
Intermediate Filaments - Correct Answers -Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton
that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
Keratin = Vimentin; Desmin = Lamin
, Epithelia Tissues - Correct Answers -form a protective covering for all of the internal and
external surfaces of the body
Parenchyma (epithelial) - Correct Answers -functional parts of the organ
Simple Epithelia - Correct Answers -one layer of cells
Epithelia Stratified - Correct Answers -multiple layers
Epithelia Pseudostratified - Correct Answers -One layer (looks mult, but really just 1).
Epithelia Cuboidal - Correct Answers -cube shaped cells
Epithelia Columnar - Correct Answers -long and narrow
Epithelia Squamous - Correct Answers -flat and scale like
Connective Tissues - Correct Answers -support and connect organs and other body
tissues
kinds of Connective Tissues - Correct Answers -connective tissue proper, fluid
connective tissue, supporting connective tissue
Connective (stroma) - Correct Answers -The cells and tissues that support and give
structure to organs, glands, or other tissues in the body. The stroma is mostly made up
of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. It provides nutrients
to the tissue or organ and removes waste and extra fluid.
Bone tissue - Correct Answers -Most rigid connective tissue, Internally supports body
structures, very active tissue, heals much more rapidly than cartilage
cartilage tissue - Correct Answers -dense, flexible tissue similar to bone tissue
tendon tissue - Correct Answers -connects muscle to bone; less blood supply; slower to
heal
blood tissue - Correct Answers -connective tissue with a liquid extracellular matrix and
formed elements
Obligate Aerobe Bacteria - Correct Answers -organism that requires a constant supply
of oxygen in order to live
Obligate Anaerobe Bacteria - Correct Answers -organism that cannot live in the
presence of oxygen
Facultative Anaerobe bacteria - Correct Answers -toggle between aerobic/anaerobic
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