Exam (elaborations)
NURS 5315 ADV PATHO EXAM 3 SET 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NURS 5315 ADV PATHO EXAM 3 SET 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:39 Multiple choice questions
Definition 1 of 39
movement of air in and out of the lungs
Ventilation
Exhalation
Respiration
Perfusion
Definition 2 of 39
condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs
impaired exhalation
decreased FEV1
obstructive processes
secondary hypertension
obstructive lung disorder
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)
Definition 3 of 39
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
Normal 75-120%
Peak expiratory flow rate (pefr)
Total lung capacity (tlc)
Vital Capacity (vc)
Residual Volume (RV)
,Definition 4 of 39
Cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, anaphylactic, or septic shock all lead to systemic
inflammatory response system
↓
SIRS:
-mediator excess: cytokines (ex. tumor necrosis factor, interleukins), O2 free radicals, etc.
- vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
-tissue edema
-neutrophil entrapment in microcirculation
↓
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS):
-cardiovascular dysfunction
-lung dysfunction
- gastrointestinal dysfunction
- liver dysfunction
- CNS dysfunction
- Renal dysfunction
- Skin dysfunction
Shock Pathophysiology
gas transport steps
ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)
removal of CO2 steps
Definition 5 of 39
ventilate alveoli
diffuse gases in and out of blood,
perfuse the lungs so that the organs and tissues of the body receive blood that is rich in O2
and low in CO2
Restrictive disorders: define and examples
Ventilation
Functions of the pulmonary system
Elastic recoil of the lungs
,Definition 6 of 39
the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration
Normal 75-120%
Total Lung Capacity (tlc)
Function Residual Capacity (FRC)
Vital capacity (vc)
Residual volume (rv)
Definition 7 of 39
Increased: flow resistance and residual volume
decreased:
elastic recoil,
chest wall,
alveolar wall tissue> decreased gas exchange,
decreased compliance
vital capacity
ventilation perfusion ratio
compensatory response to hypercapnia and hypoxemia
PaO2
improved: respiratory muscle strength and lung elasticity
decreased: lung compliance and tidal volume
pulmonary age-related changes in the alveoli, chest wall and gas exchange
increased: lung capacity and oxygen saturation
Definition 8 of 39
The fraction of air exhaled in the first second relative to the total volume exhaled
Forced vital capacity (fvc)
Fvc (forced vital capacity)
FEV1/FVC ratio
V/q ratio
, Definition 9 of 39
chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them
from collapsing
Perfusion
Diffusion
Ventilation
Surfactant
Definition 10 of 39
VC + RV = TLC
Normal 80-120%
Vital capacity (vc)
Fvc (forced Vital capacity)
Residual volume (rv)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Definition 11 of 39
the inability of a person to breathe in adequate amounts of air.
PFT - low lung volumes
Examples: aspiration, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, and
pulmonary edema
Ventilation
Restrictive Disorders: define and examples
obstructive disorders: define and example
restrictive lung disorder
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