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NPRO 1100, Exam 2 Questions And Complete Answers

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NPRO 1100, Exam 2 Questions And Complete Answers ...

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  • September 24, 2024
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  • Questions & answers
  • NPRO 1100,
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NPRO 1100, Exam 2 Questions And
Complete Answers

what does urine specific gravity (SG) measure and what are the normal ranges - Answer
measures concentration of solutes in urine

normal range: 1.005-1.030

what does BUN measure and what are the normal ranges - Answer measures amount of
urea in the bloodstream

normal range: 7-20 mg/dL

what is creatinine and what are the normal ranges - Answer indicator of renal function

breakdown product of muscle metabolism

normal range: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL

what does hematocrit measure and what are the normal ranges - Answer measures the
percentage of RBC in whole blood volume

normal ranges: 40%-50% for males

35%-45% for females

sodium ranges - Answer 135-145 mEq/L

potassium ranges - Answer 3.5-5 mEq/L

calcium ranges - Answer 8.5-10.5 mEq/L

magnesium ranges - Answer 1.5-2.3 mEq/L

O2 sat ranges - Answer 95-100%

what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyponatremia - Answer causes: GI fluid
loss, hypotonic IV fluid, heart failure, diuretic use

signs and symptoms: dizziness, confusion, weakness, nausea, vomiting

what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypernatremia - Answer causes:
dehydration, heatstroke, diabetes insipidus

signs and symptoms: thirst, dry/sticky mucous membranes, irritability, hallucinations,
restlessness

,what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypokalemia - Answer causes: GI fluid loss,
bulimia, metabolic acidosis

signs and symptoms: irregular/weak pulse, EKG changes, muscle weakness, decreased
bowel motility

what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia - Answer causes: kidney
injury, adrenal insufficiency, diabetic ketoacidosis

signs and symptoms: bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, irritability

what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypocalemia - Answer causes:
hypoparathyroidism, pancreatitis, malabsorption

signs and symptoms: numbness, tingling of extremities, positive trousseau and chvostek
signs

what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypercalcemia - Answer causes:
hypoparathyroidism, malignant bone disease, prolonged immobilization

signs and symptoms: muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, stupor

what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypomagnesemia - Answer causes:
alcoholism, malabsorption, chronic laxative use

signs and symptoms, neuromuscular excitement, muscle spasms, confusion, insomnia

what are the causes and signs/symptoms of hypermagnesemia - Answer causes: renal
failure, adrenal insufficiency, hyperthyroidism

signs and symptoms: bradycardia, lethargy, diminished reflexes, impaired swallowing

hypotonic solution - Answer "go out of the vessel and into the cell"

extracellular to intracellular

makes cell swell

more diluted and decreased osmolality (less salt, more water)

hypotonic solution examples - Answer 0.45% NS

2.5% dextrose

0.33% NS

uses for hypotonic IV solutions - Answer hypernatremia

intracellular dehydration

helps kidneys excrete excess fluids

, what to monitor for hypotonic solutions - Answer monitor mental status changes

low BP

hypovolemia

hyponatremia

hypertonic solutions - Answer "enter the vessel from the cells"

intracellular to extracellular

cell shrivels

more concentrated and increased osmolality

hypertonic solution examples - Answer 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS)

5% dextrose in 0.45% saline

5% dextrose in LR

hypertonic IV solution uses - Answer cerebral edema

hyponatremia

metabolic acidosis

maintenance of fluid

hypovolemia

hypertonic solution side effects - Answer could cause fluid overload in extracellular
space, leading to pulmonary edema (fluid in lungs)

could cause hypernatremia

what to monitor when administering hypertonic solutions - Answer BP

breathing/lung sounds

isotonic solution - Answer "stays where I put it"

same osmolality as body fluids (equal water and particle ratio)

isotonic solution examples - Answer 0.9% saline (NS)

lactated ringers (LR)

5% dextrose (D5W)

isotonic IV uses - Answer expands intravascular fluid volume and replaces fluid loss
associated with:

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