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Write a critical essay on the different theoretical models applied to people with
disabilities and relate how the deaf community can be regarded as an
example of a marginalized identity.
Title: Theoretical Models of Disability: The Deaf Community as a Marginalized
Identity
Introduction
Disability is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has been the subject of numerous
theoretical models, each providing distinct lenses through which to understand the experiences
and challenges faced by individuals with disabilities. This essay critically explores the various
theoretical models applied to people with disabilities, with a specific focus on the Deaf
community as an example of a marginalized identity. By examining these models, we can gain
insight into how societal attitudes, policies, and practices influence the lives of individuals within
the Deaf community, illustrating the broader implications of marginalization.
Theoretical Models of Disability
Theoretical models of disability provide frameworks for understanding how society perceives
and interacts with individuals with disabilities. These models can be categorized into several
main approaches:
1. The Medical Model
The medical model of disability views disability primarily as a deficiency or impairment
that resides within the individual. This perspective emphasizes diagnosis, treatment, and
rehabilitation, positioning the medical professional as the authority responsible for
addressing the individual's "defect." While this model has led to advances in medical
interventions and support, it often overlooks the social, cultural, and environmental
factors that contribute to the experience of disability. Critics argue that the medical model
can perpetuate stigma and reinforce negative stereotypes, as it tends to define individuals
by their disabilities rather than acknowledging their capabilities and contributions to
society.
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