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NSG 521 Module #1 Study Guide Latest Update Actual Exam 390 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Approved by the Professor$25.49
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NSG 521 Module #1 Study Guide Latest Update
2024-2025 Actual Exam 390 Questions and 100%
Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
Approved by the Professor
________ is the extracellular breakdown of proteins, fats, and polysaccharides to
subunits outside of the cell that then can be utilized inside the cell through the process
of _______ - CORRECT ANSWER: digestion, glycolysis
________, _________, and ________ are produced by microbes in the _________ -
CORRECT ANSWER: GABA, Serotonin, and Dopamine; gut
- signs (objective or observed manifestations) and symptoms (subjective)
Clinical course or stage- - CORRECT ANSWER: clinical manifestations
-age
-ethnic group
-gender
-socioeconmic
-lifestyle
-geography
....all make up - CORRECT ANSWER: the pattern of disease
-modifies, sorts, packages, and distributes proteins
-prepare materials for export of out of the cell
-produces membrane package called vesicles - CORRECT ANSWER: Golgi apparatus
-powerhouse of the cell
-converts energy to forms that can be used to drive cellular reactions
,-contain enzymes necessary for ATP production
-have a role in programmed cell death (apoptosis) - CORRECT ANSWER: mitochondria
: time during which first signs and/or symptoms appear indicating onset of disease -
CORRECT ANSWER: prodromal period
"cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic
response; effect of wear and tear on the body - CORRECT ANSWER: allostatic
overload
#3 Loss of Calcium Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER:
•Apoptosis
-Is programmed cellular death.
-Is characterized by the "dropping off" of cellular fragments called apoptotic bodies.
-Is the active process of cellular destruction.
-Can occur normally (developmental, involution) or pathologically.
-Dysregulated apoptosis:
•Is excessive or not enough.
•Can lead to cancer, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemic
injury. - CORRECT ANSWER:
A means of transforming the mind, it encourages one to develop concentration, clarity,
emotional positivity, and a calm seeing of the true natures of things - CORRECT
ANSWER: meditation
A particular abnormal condition that affects part or all of can organism. Often construed
as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs - CORRECT
ANSWER: disease (pathology)
,A psychological state with physiological attributes superficially resembling sleep and is
marked by an individuals levels of awareness of than the ordinary conscious state -
CORRECT ANSWER: hypnosis
a vesicle filled with digestive enzymes the break down lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins into monomers that can be used by the rest of the cell, recycle damages of
unused organelles, attack/digest undesired materials, and found only in animals -
CORRECT ANSWER: lysosome
achieving homeostasis through change, involves the constant altering of multiple
variables in order to match the resources of the body to environmental demands in
order to maintain physiological function - CORRECT ANSWER: allostasis
Adaptation in the face of stressful situation and stimuli involved the action of what 3
things - CORRECT ANSWER: -neural
-neuroendocrine
-neuroendorine-immune mechanisims
Adaptation is also called - CORRECT ANSWER: allostasis, or maintaining stability
through change, and is a vital component to maintaining homeostasis
After glycolysis what is your output - CORRECT ANSWER: - 4 ATP (net 2)
-2 Pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
-NAD+ is converted to NADH (electron transport molecule)
age, such as children or older adults - CORRECT ANSWER: -falls
-poisoning
Agents or conditions that can produce stress endanger what - CORRECT ANSWER:
homeostasis
, All cells make reactive oxygen forms as byproducts of the Redox reactions (changing
oxygen to water). These reactive oxygen species which are free radicals can damage
DNA, proteins and lip - CORRECT ANSWER:
Allostasis turning into adaptation depends on ones - CORRECT ANSWER: allostatic
load that we carry, the chronic stress we carry
Amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose are then ______ and _________, and get into
cells where they are used for processes including the production of ATP - CORRECT
ANSWER: absorbed and circulated
an atom that has lost an electron and has a + net charge - CORRECT ANSWER: free
radical
an enzyme that neutralizes dangerous molecules - CORRECT ANSWER: peroxisome
Another process to try reorder things when there has been cellular damage; a controlled
process of degradation of cellular components for recycling - CORRECT ANSWER:
autophagy
apart of the cytoskeleton and helps with cell movement and muscles contraction -
CORRECT ANSWER: microfilaments
Are there physiologic consequences to ongoing exposure to toxic stress? - CORRECT
ANSWER: yes
assisted by transport proteins (trans-membrane proteins) - CORRECT ANSWER:
facilitated diffusion
at rest there is typically more _______ ions outside the neuron than in and more
_________ ions inside the neuron than out - CORRECT ANSWER: sodium, potassium
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