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NUR4445 Cancer Exam Questions And Accurate Answers
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NUR4445 Cancer Exam Questions AndAccurate Answers
What are the cardinal symptoms of cancer in children (8)? - Answer - Unusual mass or
swelling
- Unexplained paleness or loss of energy
- Sudden tendency to bruise
- Persistent, localized pain or limping***
- Prolonged, unexplained fever or illness
- Frequent headaches, often with vomiting
- Sudden eye or vision changes
- Excessive, rapid weight loss
What are the different diagnostic tests used to diagnose cancer (9)? - Answer
◦Serologies (CBC, chemistries, inflammatory markers)
◦Radiologic studies (x-ray)
◦CT or CAT (computerized axial tomography) scan
◦MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan
◦Bone marrow biopsy
◦Lumbar puncture
◦Needle, incisional & excisional biopsies
◦PET (positron emission tomography) scan
◦Bone scan
What is an Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)? What is a normal, neutropenic, and severe
neutropenic cell count? - Answer - a calculation of the number of circulating neutrophils
- Normal > 1,000
- Neutropenic = 500 - 1,000
, - Severe neutropenia < 500
What are the characteristics of cancer treatment? What are the different goals with
cancer treatment (3)? - Answer - Often several treatments are combined, including
complementary therapy
- Goals: Curative, supportive, or preparing for end-of-life care
- Side effects must be managed also
How should childhood cancer be managed and why? - Answer - MUST be managed at a
multidisciplinary cancer center with pediatric expertise- clinical trials.
- do not treat a child with cancer if there's not a multidisciplinary team. This is costly! So
educate the family.
What are the reasons for surgery during the treatment of cancer (3)? - Answer
◦Diagnosing the cancer or stage of cancer
◦Removing the tumor
◦Decreasing the size of the tumor
What is chemotherapy? What must be monitored while a patient is on chemotherapy? -
Answer ◦Drugs that kill the abnormal cells (also kill the normal cells)
◦Can be oral, IV, or intrathecal (into the spinal canal)
◦Many adverse effects
◦ANC must be monitored, may be held if < 750
What is radiation therapy? When is it indicated and what are the goals with this
treatment? - Answer - Unstable isotopes that release energy to destroy cells
- Often used for local and regional control of cancer
- Tumor site plus the lymph glands
- Goal is to not damage the healthy cells
What is biotherapy and how is it used to treat cancer? - Answer - Using living organisms
to treat the cancer: from the body or made in a lab
- May stimulate or suppress the immune system
- Immunotherapy or gene therapy
Describe the procedure for a Bone Marrow & Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant. What
must be done before this procedure and what are the different ways someone can
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