Sociology - Answers the study of human behavior in society
JANE ADDAMS () - Answers As founder of Hull House, her books and articles were widely used by the "Chicago School" to establish Urban Sociology. She received the Nobel Prize in 1931.
AUGUSTE COMTE () - Answers The founder of Sociology in ...
Sociology - Answers the study of human behavior in society
JANE ADDAMS (1860-1935) - Answers As founder of Hull House, her books and articles were widely used
by the "Chicago School" to establish Urban Sociology. She received the Nobel Prize in 1931.
AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857) - Answers The founder of Sociology in the West that coined the term
"Sociology." He felt the scientific method should be applied to the study of society (POSITIVISM) and
that society was made up of forces of stability (SOCIAL STATICS) and forces of change (SOCIAL
DYNAMICS).
CHARLES HORTON COOLEY (1864-1929) - Answers As co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he argued that
the Self is formed through a lifelong process of interpretation of other's reactions to our self-concept
(LOOKING-GLASS SELF).
EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917) - Answers In his research on suicide, he argued that society is held
together by SOCIAL INTEGRATION. Those with weak social ties experience ANOMIE, or normlessness.
HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876) - Answers The Founder of Modern Sociology, she published "Theory
and Practice of Society in America," in 1837. She is most often remembered for her translations of
Comte from French into English.
KARL MARX (1818-1883) - Answers His works are the basis for CONFLICT THEORY. He argued that CLASS
CONFLICT between the Bourgeoisie (Owners) and the Proletariat (Workers) is the source of all social
change, and that the ideology of society (its belief system and thought) is the product of the age and
place of its occurrence.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD (1863-1931) - Answers As a co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he saw ROLE-
TAKING as crucial to the development of Self in children. In a similar approach to FREUD, he defined the
"I" and "ME" as unsocialized and socialized parts of the Self.
MAX WEBER (1864-1920) - Answers In "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," he argued that
religion gave rise to Capitalism, not class conflict, as argued by Marx. He believed that the process of
gathering data must be value-free and as scientific as possible. Replication of research is important.
W.E.B. DU BOIS (1868-1963) - Answers As the first African-American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, he
founded the Department of Sociology at Atlanta University, and was a founding member of the NAACP.
From 1896 to 1914, he published a yearly book on race relations
IBN KHALDUN (1332-1406) - Answers Wrote "The Science of Civilization" that predated Comte and
Sociology by 500 Years. His ideas predated Durkheim on Social Cohesion by 550 years and Mills' insight
into Sociology as the intersection of the individual, society, and history by 600 years.
Macrosociology - Answers Large-scale Sociology
, Functionalism
Conflict Theory
Focus on the SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Patterned relationships that persist over time
Micro-Sociology - Answers Small-scale Sociology
Symbolic Interaction
Focus on the SOCIAL INTERACTION
The process by which people act toward or respond to other people
The foundation for all relationships
and groups in society
WILLIAM ISAAC THOMAS (1863-1947) and DOROTHY SWAINE THOMAS (1899-1977) - Answers As co-
founders of Symbolic Interaction, they argued that behavior is the result of the specific way we look at
life based on the views we learn from the groups to which we belong. Behavior is the result of our
subjective reality, not of reality that exists objectively.
FUNCTIONALISM - Answers Organic analogy
Relationship of parts to whole
Functions (Positive effects in society)
Manifest Functions (Intended functions)
Latent Functions (Unintended functions)
Dysfunctions (Negative effects in society)
Focus on Stability and survival of society
CONFLICT THEORY - Answers A focus on group conflict
Conflict drives social change
Debunking of ideologies
Society as a battlefield
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION - Answers A focus on the meaning of how people made sense of the world in
an active process of creating meaning through social interaction
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