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Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) Training study guide
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Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) Training study guide
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Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)Training study guide
According to a study in 1993, for every minute a patient experiences VT, asystole, or PEA, the
risk of mortality increases by how much? - ANS 7-10%
CPR uses chest compressions to restore blood flow to important organs such as? - ANS
The heart and brain
4 types of arrhythmias discussed - ANS - VT
- PVT
- PEA
- Asystole
What is ventricular tachycardia? - ANS Wide QRS tachycardia characterized by 3 or more
consecutive PVC ~ 100-200 BPM
VT can lead to what? - ANS Ventricular fibrillation, systole, or cardiac arrest
Causes of VT - ANS - Ischemia
- Drug toxicity (digoxin)
- Electrolyte abnormalities
- Heart disease
What is sustained VT? - ANS - Lasts for > 30 seconds
- Symptomatic
- Can progress to life threatening incident
What is unsustained VT? - ANS - Brief and self-limited
- Asymptomatic
How can V fib lead to death? - ANS No electric activity in the heart -> no cardiac output ->
cardiac arrest -> death
What is V fib caused by? - ANS - Scar tissue: MI or cardiomyopathy
- Irritants: CAD, electrolyte abnormalities, hormones
- Electrocution
Tx for V-fib - ANS - ACLS
- Correct underlying cause
- ICD
, What is PEA and asystole? - ANS Absence of detectable pulse and the presence of some
other form of electrical activity other than VT or PVT
Tx for PEA/asystole - ANS CPR -> airway control -> IV access -> reconfirm asystole with a
second lead -> do NOT defibrillate patient with asystole because the parasympathetic discharge
that occurs with defibrillation reduces the change of ROSC and worsens outcomes
Are the following recommended for PEA/asystole?
Epinephrine
Vasopressin
Atropine - ANS Epinephrine is recommended; vasopressin and atropine are not
In patients with PEA/asystole we must treat the underlying cause, which may include: - ANS
- Hypovolemia
- Hypoxia
- Acidosis
- Hyper/hypokalemia
- Hypothermia
- Hypoglycemia
- Drug overdose
- Tamponade
- Thrombosis, coronary
- Tension pneumothorax
- PE
- Trauma
High quality CPR focuses on proper technique to ensure: - ANS - Adequate HR
- Depth of compression -> 100-200 beats/minute
- Full chest recoil after each compression (at least 2 inches)
- Avoidance of excessive ventilation
- Reduction in interruptions to increase compression fraction to 60% or above
Basic life support focuses on what? (Hint: CAB) - ANS - Compressions
- CAB = circulation, airway, and breathing
T or F: everyone should do a pulse check when performing BLS - ANS False - limit pulse
checks unless medical professional (check for 10 seconds and then start compressions)
How should a healthcare professional execute BLS? - ANS 30 compressions -->2 breaths
until AED arrives
How should a non-healthcare professional execute BLS? - ANS Compression only - NO
breaths
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