UTA Henry A&P2 Final Exam 500+ questions with 100% correct answers latest solution
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UTA Henry
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UTA Henry
UTA Henry A&P2 Final Exam 500+ questions with 100% correct answers latest solution/UTA Henry A&P2 Final Exam 500+ questions with 100% correct answers latest solution/UTA Henry A&P2 Final Exam 500+ questions with 100% correct answers latest solution
UTA Henry A&P2 Final Exam
endocrine system - correct answer the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of
glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
exocrine system - correct answer The collection of ducted glands that secrete products to the
body's surface or into body cavities
Hormones - correct answer chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine
glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other specific tissues
local hormones - correct answer act locally on neighboring cells or on the same cell that
secreted them without first entering the bloodstream
circulating hormones - correct answer Circulate in blood throughout body, act on distant
targets
Paracrine - correct answer Referring to a secreted molecule that acts on a neighboring cell.
Autocrine - correct answer term for hormones that act on same cells that secrete them
lipid soluble hormones - correct answer -steroid and thyroid hormones
-act on intracellular receptors that directly activate genes
-can enter cell
steroid hormones - correct answer hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; derives from
cholesterol
thyroid hormone - correct answer increases basic metabolic rate
water soluble hormones - correct answer -requires receptors on cell membrane + G-protein
-amines, peptides/proteins, eicosanoids
Mechanisms of Hormone Action - correct answer response depends on hormone and the
target cell
difference between water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones - correct answer -lipid-soluble
can bind to a receptor within the cell
-water-soluble has to bind to cell surface then wait to activate a secondary messenger system
to send original message w/in cell
responsiveness of target cell depends on... - correct answer Hormone's concentration
Abundance of target cell receptors
Influence exerted by other hormones (permissive, synergistic and antagonistic effects)
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary - correct answer hGH, PRL, ACTH, TSH, tropic, FSH, LH, MSH
,UTA Henry A&P2 Final Exam
hGH (human growth hormone) - correct answer stimulates secretion of insulin-like factors that
stimulate body growth, metabolism, and protein synthesis
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - correct answer stimulates secretion from thyroid gland
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - correct answer -stimulates production of ova and sperm
-testes stimulate testosterone production
Luthenizing Hormone (LH) - correct answer -ovaries stimulate ovulation
-testes stimulate testosterone production
Prolactin (PRL) - correct answer stimulates milk production by mammary glands of breasts
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - correct answer Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete
glucocorticoids
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) - correct answer anterior pituitary
tropic hormones - correct answer stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones.
posterior pituitary - correct answer -ADH and oxytocin
-does not synthesize hormones
-releases hormones made by hypothalamus
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - correct answer Hormone produced by the neurosecretory cells in
the hypothalamus that stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood
and vasoconstriction of arterioles.
Oxytocin (OT) - correct answer Increases the contractions of the uterus during birth and
promotes the release of breast milk
Control of thyroid hormone secretion - correct answer Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
from hypothalamus
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from anterior pituitary
Situations that increase ATP demand also increase secretion of thyroid hormones
parathyroid glands - correct answer four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland
parathyroid hormone - correct answer A hormone of the parathyroid gland that regulates the
metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body.
,UTA Henry A&P2 Final Exam
adrenal glands - correct answer -a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys
-adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex - correct answer outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol
(glucocorticoid), aldosterone (mineralocorticoid), and sex hormones (androgens)
adrenal medulla - correct answer secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
anterior pituitary cells - correct answer somatotrophs: hGH and IGF
thyrotrophs: TSH
gonadotrophs: FSH and LH
lactotrophs: PRL
corticotrophs: ACTH and MSH
anterior pituitary hypothalamus system - correct answer adenohypophysis
posterior pituitary hypothalamus system - correct answer neurohypophysis
difference between nervous system and endocrine system - correct answer -nervous system
sends out nerve impulses or neurotransmitters that have fast responses, brief effects, and acts
on a specific target
-endocrine system sends out hormones that have slower responses, effects last longer, and can
have a broader influence
Dwarfism - correct answer Condition caused by insufficient growth hormone in childhood
Gigantism - correct answer hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary
before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues
Acramegaly - correct answer abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by
overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.
Cushing's syndrome - correct answer Too much cortisol, CRH, and ACTH
Addison's disease - correct answer Too little cortisol, CRH, and ACTH
Hypothyroidism - correct answer condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low
thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and often obesity
Cretinism - correct answer condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a
lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either
congenitally absent or imperfectly developed
Hyperthyroidism - correct answer overactivity of the thyroid gland
, UTA Henry A&P2 Final Exam
Graves disease - correct answer hyperthyroidism that results in fish eyes
Eurthyroidism - correct answer results in goiters (typically around neck)
hyperadrenalism - correct answer overactivity of the adrenal glands
Hyperandrogenism - correct answer -Excessive production/secretion of androgens
-Pocket Hercules
-Bearded lady
Hypermineralocorticordism - correct answer too much aldosterone= sodium and water
retention= hypertension
hypokalemina= too little potassium
calcium homeostasis - correct answer Maintenance of a stable level of calcium in the blood
low calcium levels - correct answer Parathyroid gland secretes PTH, which stimulates
osteoclasts to break down bone, increasing calcium ions in bloodstream, and stimulating
reabsorption of calcium into kidneys
This will result in calcium levels rising to homeostatic level
high calcium levels - correct answer Thyroid gland secretes calcitonin, which stimulates kidneys
to excrete excess calcium ions into bloodstream, where osteoblasts will absorb excess calcium
back into the bones
This will result in calcium levels falling to homeostatic level
thyroid follicles - correct answer manufacture, store, and secrete thyroid hormones
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) - correct answer -Source: Thyroid (follicular cells)
-Type: Amino acid derivative
-Action: Stimulate metabolic activity
Parofollicular Cells - correct answer -C cells
-produce calcitonin (bone in)
-lowers Ca2+ by inhibiting bone resorption
differences between adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex - correct answer Adrenal medulla:
only secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine due to ANS message (sympathetic response)
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