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KAAP 430 EXAM 1
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KAAP 430 EXAM 1 KAAP 430 EXAM 1 KAAP 430 EXAM 1
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KAAP 430 EXAM 1exercise physiology - ANS - studies how the bodys structures and functions are altered when
exposed to acute and chronic bouts of exercise
sport physiology - ANS - applies exercise physiology concepts to an athletes training and
performance
Harvard Fatigue lab - ANS * Lawrence J Henderson
- focused on physiology of human movement and the effects of environmental stress on exercise
- response to exercise, heat, altitude
- physiology of endurance running
- effects of aging on max HR and O2 consumption
acute responses - ANS - involve how the body responds to an individual bout of physical activity
chronic physiological adaptations - ANS - mark how the body responds over time to the stress of
repeated bouts of exercise
*training effects
Ergometers - ANS - used to measure physical work in standardized conditions
* treadmills and cycles
factors to consider during exercise monitoring - ANS - control environmental factors such as temp,
humidity, light, noise
- account for diurnal cycles (cycles that change throughout the day - glucose, HR), menstrual cycles,
sleeping and eating patterns
-use correct ergometer to measure physical work in standardized conditions
- match the mode of testing to the type of activity the subject usually performs
types of muscle - ANS 1) smooth
2) cardiac
,3) skeletal
smooth muscle - ANS - involuntary, controlled by ANS
- located in walls of blood vessels and throughout internal organs
*regulates blood flow
cardiac muscle - ANS - controls itself with help from the ANS and endocrine systems
- only in the heart
skeletal muscle - ANS - voluntary, controlled by somatic NS
- attach to skeleton and produce movement
muscle anatomy - ANS - entire muscle surrounded by epimysium
- consists of many bundles (fasciculi)
fasciculi - ANS - surrounded by perimysium, consists of bundles
muscle fibers - ANS - surrounded by endomysium
- consists of myofibrils divided into sarcomeres
plasmalemma - ANS - cell membrane
- conducts action potential
- maintains pH, transports nutrients from capillary blood to muscle fiber
satellite cells - ANS - located between plasmalemma and the basement membrane
- muscle growth development
- adaptations to injury, immobilization
sarcoplasm - ANS - cytoplasm of cell
- glycogen storage, myoglobin
, T-tubules - ANS - extensions of plasmalemma, carry action potential deep into muscle fiber
order of muscle anatomy - ANS muscle - fasciculi - muscle fiber/cell - myofibril - sarcomeres -
myofilaments (actin and myosin)
sarcomeres - ANS - most basic contractile unit of muscle
sarcomere anatomy - ANS 1) A bands - dark stripes (actin and myosin)
2) I bands - light stripes (actin only)
3) H zone - middle of A band (myosin only)
4) M line - middle of H zone
actin - ANS *thin filaments
- show up lighter
- I band contains only actin
Myosin - ANS *thick filaments
- show up darker
- A band contains both actin and myosin filaments
- H zone contains only myosin
*2 intertwined filaments with globular heads
myosin globular heads - ANS - protrude 360 degrees from thick filament axis
- will interact with actin for contraction
*stabilized by titin
actin proteins - ANS 1) actin - contains myosin binding site
2) tropomyosin - covers active site during rest
3) troponin - anchored to actin, moves tropomyosin, calcium binds to troponin
*nebulin = stabilizing protein
*anchored to Z disk
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