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SPCE 630 Exam With Complete Solutions Graded A+
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SPCE 630 Exam With Complete SolutionsGraded A+ 2024-2025
Parametric Analysis - Answer A parametric analysis enables to test one independent
variable at varied levels or quantity .
Randomization- Answer A probability based technique in which research participants
are assigned to a treatment group. It reduces the variation among groups by equally
distributing individuals with specific characteristics across all the trial arms.
Clinical Significance-Answer Improved functioning as demonstrated by an increase in
observable behaviors to a degree that is meaningful .
Baseline Data -Answer A measurement of the behavior taken before interventions are
initiated.
Percentage of Non Overlapping Data Points ( PND )-Solution A method used to
determine effect sizes or magnitude of treatments. PND is the number of data points in
intervention that are above/ below the extreme value during baseline divided by total
number of data points in intervention phase multiplied by 100.
Carryover Effects - Question To what extent a preceding condition can affect the
dependent variable in the present condition .
Sequence Effects - Question To what extent the sequence of conditions can affect the
dependent variable.
Type I Error - Answer This is when we incorrectly reject a valid null hypothesis. That
carries one to a conclusion that an supposed effect or relationship does exist when, in
fact it doesn't. A false positive.
, Type II Error - Answer Occurs when we fail to reject a false null hypothesis. This leads
one to conclude that there was not an effect or relationship, when there was. A false
negative
Withdrawal Design - Answer Repeated introduction and removal of the independent
variable within participant and target behavior. Standard design is the ABAB strongest
but variations also exist e.g. ABA = moderate strength, BAB least strength.
Reversal Design - Answer Provides a comparison of the effects of two interventions, i.e.,
independent variables through alternation of IVs across phases and examination of the
dependent variable. This design typically begins with a baseline phase and then
proceeds to replications of IVs such as ABCBC
Multiple Baseline Design - Answer Baseline data are collected simultaneously across
multiple tiers / baselines and the independent variable is systematically introduced in a
staggered fashion across the tiers / baselines. The tier or baseline can represent
participants, behaviors, or settings.
Multiple Probe Design - Answer Baseline data are collected consecutively for tier 1,
while data are collected only during probes across subsequent phases.
Multiple Element Design Several treatments are applied in rapid succession within
subject/group against which the treatment comparisons are matched. The design is
otherwise called the alternating treatments design.
Changing Criterion Design - Response Includes a baseline phase and an intervention
phase that includes subphases. The subphases reflect stepwise changes of the
performance criterion. This design is best for behaviors that are within the individual's
repertoire but not at the optimal level and must be shaped over time.
Component Analysis - A systematic analysis of two or more independent variables
composing a treatment package .
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