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Herbivory Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+.
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Herbivory Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+.
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Herbivory ExamQuestions and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
Herbivory - Answer: • + / - interaction
Herbivory - Answer: • Important because plants are the ultimate source of energy for food webs in most
environments
Continuum - Answer: • Herbivores are not all equal, they can be specialists, generalists, etc...
• The degree of feeding specialization is a __________, rather than either/or
Generalists - Answer: • Animals that eat a wide variety of plants more or less equally, and specialists
•
Specialists - Answer: • Animals that rely on one food source, often to the exclusion of all other available
foods
• Ex. Koala Bear
Extreme Specialists - Answer: • Specialists that eat other plants at different times of the year, or times of
their lives
• Ex. Pygmy Rabbit eats a variety of forbs and grasses in the spring and summer, but during winter exist
almost solely on sagebrush plants
Frugivores - Answer: • Feed on fruit
• Ex. Ruffed Lemurs
, Folivores - Answer: • Feed on leaves
• Ex. Koalas
Nectarivores - Answer: • Feed on nectar
•Ex. Honey Possum
Granivores - Answer: • Feed on seeds
• Ex. Hawaiian Honeycreepers
Palynivores - Answer: • Feed on pollen
• Ex. Honeybees
Mucivores - Answer: • Feed on plant fluids, i.e. sap
• Ex. Aphids
Xylophages - Answer: • Feed on wood
• Ex. Termites
Ecological Effects of Herbivores - Answer: • Reduce plant fitness
• Reduce plant growth rate and reproductive output: Directly as seed predators, Indirectly by reducing
plant biomass (e.g., browsing, grazing), Insect herbivores can completely defoliate plants, even forests!
• Control plant distribution and abundance
• Alter plant community structure and composition - through alterations of plant distribution patterns
and relative abundances
Cochineal - Answer: • Source of the dye carmine, from group of Homoptera (plant-sucking insects) that
live on Opuntia cactus
Herbivores Controlling their Prey - Answer: • 1839 - Prickly pear (Opuntia stricta) introduced to Australia
• 1925 - covered large areas, destroying rangeland
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