Easy to read notes with bullet points and graphic organizers (including tables and T charts). Also includes case studies for FRQs and definitions for important key words (highlighted yellow). Sections highlighted blue are important concepts/ideas in the class.
3.1-3.2
I. Population
Ecumene: the portion of the earth with permanent human settlements
A. Demography
1. Study and description of people
B. Population Concentrations (#1 Population)
1. ⅔ world population in 4 regions
a. East Asia
- China = Pacific Coast, rural
b. South Asia
- India + mostly rural
c. Southeast Asia
- Mostly islands (Indonesia)
d. Europe
- Dozens of countries
- Mostly urban
- Coal fields
- Natural resources
C. Population Density (#2 Population)
Number of people occupying a unit of land
1. Arithmetic Density (crude density)
a. Crude density
b. Total number of people divided by total area (km)
c. Direct link between population density and available resources in
environment
- Example: NY, NY 27,812/km^2; Folsom, CA 1000/km^2
2. Physiological Density
a. Number of people divided by arable land (land that can be used to grow
crops)
b. Measures pressure on land to produce enough food → High PD = greater
pressure on land
i. Egypt: AD = 80, PD = 2296
ii. UAE (United Arab Emirates): 32,278 miles2; only 0.5% is arable;
9.7 million people → PD = 300
c. Provide insight into whether people can sustain themselves agriculturally
3. Agricultural Density
a. Number of farmers divided by arable land
i. High Agricultural Density = LDC
ii. Low Agricultural Density = MDC
b. Reveals country’s wealth
c. Subsistence agriculture = providing crops + livestocks only for farmers’
families and close community
d. Helps understand how much food is produced
, i. Example: Rwanda = large population + limited arable land →
pressure on arable land + food supply = high
D. Carrying Capacity
1. Overpopulation
a. Too many people for the land to support (Physiological Density)
2. Carrying Capacity
a. Number of people an area can support; sustained
b. Inconsistent figure
i. Agricultural methods, industry, import
ii. Japan - small but able to support
iii. Greenland - low carrying capacity due to harsh, cold climate
c. High population density + high carrying capacity = not overpopulated
d. Resources (air quality, food supply, biodiversity, safe water) can be
monitored to find ways to extend carrying capacity
3. Sustainability
a. Survival dependent on environment
II. Geographic Analysis
1. Distribution
a. Arrangement of locations on earth’s surface where people live
i. Uneven
b. Where people live within geographic area → affects cultural, political,
environmental, economic aspects + conditions in given area
c. Global Distribution of people is affected by:
- Physical/Environmental Factors:
- Climate
- Landforms
- Water Accessibility
- Human Factors:
- Economic Factors
- People live in convenient areas (e.g. for agriculture, natural
resources, manufacturing, sales)
- Human migration = people make permanent move from
one place to another
- Political Factors
- Potentially leads to voluntary migration
- Cultural Factors
- Historical Factors
- Types of Distribution:
1. Uniform = Spread out evenly over an area
2. Clustered = Grouped/clumped together around central point
- Providing service to clustered area is easier
- Great levels of public services and resources
3. Linear = Appears to form long + narrow lines
4. Random = No apparent order/logic
, 2. Density
a. Number of people that live in a given area of land
III. Population Pyramids (#4 Population)
A. Graphic Device - Analyzes population by looking at age and sex
B. Shapes based on population distribution
a. Stages
i. Rapidly expanding
- Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
ii. Expanding
iii. Stationary
● Low mortality and fertility
iv. Contracting
- European countries
- Russia
- 2018 : High rates of alcoholism + suicide + 20th century
events (WWII losses) → distortion in sex ratio balance;
86:100 = male:female as a whole; 46:100 in ages 65+
group
b. Stationary + contracting → low birth rates + old-age structure + minimal net
migration
C. Impacted by:
a. Health, war, birth control
D. Helps identify issues and needs
a. Schools, elder care, health care, what to plan for in future
Case Study - Population Distribution at the Country Scale
Issue: Population density data can be misleading in providing accurate description of population
distribution of an area
General information:
- Arithmetic density data:
- Most useful for small areas like neighborhoods
- Not as useful for large areas like countries b/c does not consider patterns of
population distribution
Egypt vs. Canada:
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