Exam (elaborations)
ArcGIS EXAM 1 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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ArcGIS EXAM 1 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ...
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Definition and Components of GIS - ANSWER A geographic informationsystem (GIS) is a system that captures, stores, manipulates, analyzes, manages,
and presents various forms of geographical data.
The five components of GIS are people, methods and processes, data, hardware,
and software.
What does GIS do, and why is it so important? - ANSWER GIS integrates
multiple data and helps us to perceive the 'whole'. You may combine
socioeconomic aspects, biodiversity, engineering, land use, and environmental
considerations on a single map.
It is significant since most data contains spatial components that we would like
to map.
Applications of GIS - ANSWER Geology, Hydrology and Water Quality,
Business, Crime (hotspots, ranges, types), Emergency Answer Management,
etc....
GIS emerged from cartography as a result of developments in scientific
investigations that enhanced the demand for mapping various attributes.
-The development of computers in the 1960s enabled the application of spatial
analysis and quantitative theme mapping to spatial problems.
-ESRI is the dominant industry for GIS, established in the 1960s.
GIS Functionality - ANSWER: Not simply mapping. GIS may assist you
,discover an object, where something is relative to something else, how many,
how huge,
What constitutes geographical data? - ANSWER The location and
characteristics of spatial features. ex. A road includes not only the name, but
also the length and speed restriction.
Aspatial data: just attributes
Geographic Inquiry Process - ANSWER Ask a geographical query.
Collect geographic data.
Examine geographic data.
Analyze Geographic Data
Act on geographical knowledge.
GIS data's basic properties include the ability to represent real-world features
and associated information on a computer using maps.
Maps represent the real world using points, lines, polygons, and annotated
features.
Points: pole, bore hole, river discharge station.
Lines: river, road, rail, and trail.
Polygons represent villages, towns, and land parcels.
Annotated features are labels that are attached to map features to provide more
particular information.
,Basic GIS Functions - ANSWER Data Entry: Allows for data entry from a
multitude of sources.
Data management: Offers a way to manage data.
Thematic mapping displays data in the form of a map or a layer.
Data analysis: Performs data analysis tasks to investigate geographic
correlations inside and among map layers.
Map layout: Provide map layout functions for both soft and hard copy maps.
Explain Coordinates - ANSWER Define the spatial placement and extent of
geographical things.
A pair of numbers indicating a location about an origin.
ALL SPATIAL DATA REQUIRES COORDINATES; that is what makes it
spatial!
Describe discrete objects: ANSWER Objects that exist in one place but not in
another.
Have clear borders and attributes.
Can be present or absent.
Roads
Houses
States
, Describe Continuous Data - ANSWER A quantity that exists throughout the
map region.
Always present; value varies from location to place (continuously distributed)
Elevation
Temperature
Precipitation
What are the two primary data models in GIS? - ANSWER Vector data model
(discrete).
Raster Data Model (Continuous)
Define georeferenced - ANSWER link something with physical locations.
When you get something to line up nicely on your map
Explain vector data models. ANSWER: Spatial objects are represented as
points, lines, and polygons.
-Point characteristics depict things without dimensions.
Well, transmission pole, sampling location.
-Line features represent things in a single dimension.
Roads, rails, rivers, and trails.
-Polygons depict features in two-dimensional spaces.
Parcels, towns, states, and lakes.
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