CNS Exam 2 Palmer Questions & Answers 2024/2025
What is the superior boundary of the spinal cord? - ANSWERSforamen magnum: the superior most ventral rootlet of the first cervical spinal nerve
What is the inferior boundary of the spinal cord? - ANSWERSthe disc between vertebral levels L1-L2 ...
What is the superior boundary of the spinal cord? - ANSWERSforamen magnum: the superior most
ventral rootlet of the first cervical spinal nerve
What is the inferior boundary of the spinal cord? - ANSWERSthe disc between vertebral levels L1-L2 and
found in adult
How many spinal nerve pairs are there? - ANSWERS31 pairs of spinal nerves
What does the Bell-Magendi law state? - ANSWERSthat dorsal roots contain sensory (afferent) fibers and
ventral roots are motor (efferent) fibers
What parts of the spinal cord are PNS structures? - ANSWERSroots, spinal nerves, and their rami
What is the only CNS structure in the vertebral column? - ANSWERSthe spinal cord itself
Where does the C1 cervical nerve exit? - ANSWERSexits between occiput and atlas
Where does the C4 cervical nerve exit? - ANSWERSexits at IVF between C3 and C4 vertebrae
Where does the C8 cervical nerve exit? - ANSWERSexits at IVF between C7 and T1 vertebrae
Where do the sacral nerves S1-S4 exit? - ANSWERSexit the dorsal and ventral sacral foramina
Where does the sacral nerve S5 exit? - ANSWERSexits at the sacral hiatus
,Where does the coccygeal nerve Co1 exit? - ANSWERSexits the sacral hiatus and this nerve may be
missing
At birth, where is the Co1 cord level typically at the same level as? - ANSWERSL1-L3 vertebra
By adulthood, where is the Co1 cord level found at? - ANSWERSL1-L2 vertebral level in about 90% of
people
What is the tapering end of the Co1 cord level called? - ANSWERSconus medullaris
Where do the roots for the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves run for an extended distance down
through the what? - ANSWERSlumbar cistern
What is the formation that resembles a horse's tail called? - ANSWERScauda equina
What does an enlargement of the cervical cord level cause? - ANSWERSchanges in blood pressure
What is the central canal continuous with cranially? - ANSWERSthe central canal of the medulla
oblongata and the 4th ventricle
Where does the central canal expand inferiorly? - ANSWERSin the conus medullaris as a terminal
ventricle
Where is a terminal ventricle found? - ANSWERSinside the spinal cord and at T12-L2 level
What houses CSF? - ANSWERSterminal ventricle
What houses the conus medullaris? - ANSWERSterminal ventricle
What is white matter full of and are they myelinated? - ANSWERSfull of axons and majority are
myelinated
, What does white matter carry? - ANSWERScarries ascending (sensory) and descending (motor)
Is white matter organized/grouped? - ANSWERSYes
Lateral horns contain what type of neurons? - ANSWERSpreganglionic autonomic neurons
T1-L2 sympathetic
S2,3,4: parasympathetic
What is another name for the white matter gross structure? - ANSWERSsubstantia alba
What does 1 funiculus contain? - ANSWERSmultiple fasiculi
What are longitudinal bundles of white matter fibers that can be automatically observed? -
ANSWERSfuniculus
Can a funiculus or fasiculi be described functionally? - ANSWERSa fasiculi can
What 4 things does the gray matter contain? - ANSWERS1. dense concentrations of neuron cell bodies
2. many synaptic areas
3. support glial cells
4. dense capillary beds
What rexed lamina has many descending tract fibers synapse with neurons? - ANSWERSLamina VII
What rexed lamina has the nucleus dorsalis and where is it found? - ANSWERSLamina VII and found C8-
L3
Where do the cell bodies of the nucleus dorsalis contribute most axons to? - ANSWERSa famous
ascending fasiculus called the Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract
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