type - correct answer ✔✔only count the word in use once
tokens - correct answer ✔✔count every instance that a word occurs
phonological - correct answer ✔✔each phoneme is considered as consisting of a group of these features
and differing in at least one feature from the other phonemes
/i:/ +high, -low, -back, -round
/u:/ ++high, -low, +back, +round
where the features + or - hihg, = or _ low, + or - back refer to the postition of the tongue in the mouth
and + or - round to whether the lips are rounded or not
also concerned with:
a) the study of word-to-word relations in sentences, i.e. how sound patterns are affected by the
combination of words
b) the investigation of intonation patterns
orthographic - correct answer ✔✔(1) The practice or study of correct spelling according to established
usage.
(2) The study of letters and how they are used to express sounds and form words. Adjective:
orthographic or orthographical.
'The science of spelling by the eye instead of the ear.' -Ambrose Bierce, The Devil's Dictionary (1911)
lexical unit - correct answer ✔✔form that points to or refers to
something in the outside world
two categories of words - correct answer ✔✔content and function
, see typologies in Granger for further reading
homonymy - correct answer ✔✔relation between words whose forms are the same (sound or spelling)
but whose meanings are different and cannot be connected
*distinguished from polysemy in that meanings cannot be connected
tail and tale
bow your head and tie a bow
lie down and don't lie
polysemy - correct answer ✔✔one word having two or more closely related meanings
foot of the bed, hurt his foot (both mean lower part)
morphology - correct answer ✔✔the study of how the forms of words change
morpheme - correct answer ✔✔the smallest meaningful unit in a language or the smallest bit of a word
with independent meaning
cannot be divided without altering or destroying its meaning
ex: kind
free morpheme - correct answer ✔✔can stand alone, cannot be divided into smaller units
bound morpheme - correct answer ✔✔cannot stand alone as a word
-s
-ous
im-
re-
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