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PATHO HESI EXIT LATEST ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK
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PATHO HESI EXIT LATEST ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANKWhich type of immune preparation, made from donated blood, contains antibodies
that provide passive immunity?
Toxoid
Killed vaccine
Live attenuated vaccine
Specific Immune Globulin - ANSWER: Specific immune globulins contain a high
concentration of antibodies directed at specific antigens. Toxoid vaccines contain a
bacterial toxin that has been changed to a nontoxic form. Killed vaccines contain
killed microbes or isolated microbes. Live attenuated vaccines are composed of live
microbes that have been weakened or rendered completely avirulent.
Which preparations use toxoids but not live viruses? Select all that apply.
Rotarix
Varivax
M-M-R II
PEDIARIX
DAPTACEL - ANSWER: PEDIARIX consists of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids plus
inactivated bacterial components of pertussis, inactive viral antigen of hepatitis B,
and inactivated poliovirus vaccine. DAPTACEL is a preparation consisting of toxoids
plus inactive bacterial and viral components of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and
acellular pertussis vaccine. Rotarix, Varivax, and M-M-R II are preparations
containing live viruses.
A 5-year-old child is being given dactinomycin and doxorubicin therapy after
nephrectomy for Wilms tumor. What will the nursing care include?
Administering aspirin for pain
Offering citrus juices with meals
Ensuring meticulous oral hygiene
Eliminating spicy foods from the diet - ANSWER: Oral hygiene is essential, especially
during the administration of medications that have a negative effect on the oral
mucosa. Although pain may be present, aspirin is avoided because doxorubicin is
also being used, and a side effect of this medication is thrombocytopenia. Aspirin is
contraindicated for children because it is associated with Reye syndrome. Citrus juice
will aggravate stomatitis, which is a common side effect of dactinomycin. Spicy foods
may aggravate the stomatitis that occurs with chemotherapy. However, usually any
food that the child requests is permitted.
A child with acute lymphoid leukemia is started on a chemotherapy protocol that
includes prednisone. What side effect of this medication does the nurse anticipate?
Alopecia
Anorexia
Weight loss
,Mood changes - ANSWER: Mood swings may result from steroid therapy. Alopecia
does not result from steroid therapy. An increased appetite, not anorexia, results
from steroid therapy. Weight gain, not weight loss, results from steroid therapy.
Which statement is true regarding antipsychotic drugs?
A. All first- and second-generation antipsychotics are equally effective.
B. Second-generation antipsychotics pose a risk of extrapyramidal symptoms.
C. First-generation antipsychotics pose a significant risk of metabolic side effects.
D. Clozapine is more effective than other second-generation antipsychotics. -
ANSWER: D. Clozapine is more effective than other second-generation
antipsychotics.
Which statement about psychotherapeutic drugs in elderly clients requires
correction?
Tricyclic antidepressants may increase anxiety in elderly clients.
Normal dosage of lithium may result in lithium toxicity in elderly clients.
Elderly clients on antipsychotic drugs are susceptible to orthostatic hypotension.
Low serum levels of the drug are reported in elderly clients on psychotherapeutic
drugs. - ANSWER: Low serum levels of the drug are reported in elderly clients on
psychotherapeutic drugs.
What is the best drug of choice for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Imipramine
Lithium salts
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine - ANSWER: Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant drug prescribed
for treating of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Childhood enuresis necessitates the
administration of imipramine. Lithium salt is prescribed to treat bipolar disorders.
Dysthymias can be treated by the administration of antidepressant drugs such as
amitriptyline.
A client with a history of methamphetamine use is admitted to the medical unit.
What clinical manifestation does the nurse expect when assessing the client?
a. Constricted pupils
b. Intractable diarrhea
c. Increased heart rate
d. Decreased respirations - ANSWER: Methamphetamine is a stimulant that causes
the release of adrenaline, which activates the sympathetic nervous system. The
pupils will dilate, not constrict, because the sympathetic nervous system is activated.
Clients withdrawing from opioids, not methamphetamine, experience diarrhea. The
respirations will be increased, not decreased, because of the activation of the
sympathetic nervous system.
Which monoamine oxidase inhibitor is used to treat Parkinson disease?
,Correct1
Selegiline
2
Phenelzine
3
Isocarboxazid
4
Tranylcypromine - ANSWER: Selegiline is a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor used to
treat Parkinson disease. Phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine are
nonselective inhibitors of both type A and B used in the treatment of depression.
A client with depression is to be given fluoxetine. What precaution will the nurse
consider when initiating treatment with this drug?
1
It must be given with milk and crackers to prevent hyperacidity and discomfort.
2
Eating cheese or pickled herring or drinking wine may cause a hypertensive crisis.
3
The blood level may not be sufficient to cause noticeable improvement for 2 to 4
weeks.
4
The blood level should be checked weekly for 3 months to monitor for an
appropriate level. - ANSWER: Fluoxetine does not produce an immediate effect;
nursing measures must be continued to reduce the risk for suicide. Consuming milk
and crackers to help prevent hyperacidity and discomfort is not necessary. Avoiding
cheese, pickled herring, and wine is a precaution taken with the monoamine oxidase
inhibitors. Weekly blood level checks are not necessary with fluoxetine.
Which condition is contraindicated for St. John's wort herbal therapy?
1
Anxiety
2
Seizures
3
Dementia
4
Pregnancy - ANSWER: Dementia is contraindicated for St. John's wort herbal therapy;
this herbal therapy is used to treat anxiety. Seizures are contraindicated for
bupropion therapy. Pregnancy is contraindicated for ginseng herbal therapy.
A client with schizophrenia is started on a regimen of chlorpromazine. After 10 days
a shuffling gait, tremors, and some rigidity are apparent. Benztropine mesylate 2 mg
by mouth daily is prescribed. What does the nurse remember when administering
these medications together?
1
Both medications are cholinesterase inhibitors.
2
, Both medications have a cholinergic-blocking action.
3
The antipsychotic effects of chlorpromazine will be decreased.
4
The synergistic effect of these medications will cause drooling. - ANSWER: Both
medications block central acetylcholine receptors. Neither medication inhibits
cholinesterase; neostigmine (Prostigmin) acts in this manner. Although benztropine
mesylate can cause mental confusion when given in large doses, it does not reduce
the antipsychotic effect of chlorpromazine. Both medications cause dry mouth.
Which adverse effect is least likely to occur in a client who is prescribed clozapine?
Seizures
Sedation
Akathisia
Myocarditis - ANSWER: Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic drug.
Myocarditis is a very rare side effect caused by clozapine. Seizures, sedation, and
akathisia are common side effects of clozapine.
A nurse notes that haloperidol (Haldol) is most effective for clients who exhibit
behavior that is:
1.Depressed
2.Overactive
3.Withdrawn
4.Manipulative - ANSWER: Haloperidol reduces emotional tension, excessive
psychomotor activity, panic, and fear. It is used for clients with thought disorders
and hyperactivity. Clients exhibiting excited-depressed behavior do not respond well
to haloperidol, because it tends to worsen the depression. Haloperidol appears to
have few stimulating effects for a withdrawn client and, in fact, increases feelings of
lassitude and fatigue. Haloperidol does not decrease manipulative behavior. Clients
who are capable of manipulation usually do not exhibit behavior that involves
overactivity, fear, and panic.
Which drug most commonly causes extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)?
1
Clozapine
2
Haloperidol
3
Risperidone
4
Aripiprazole - ANSWER: Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic that commonly causes
extrapyramidal side effects. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that has a low risk
of causing extrapyramidal side effects. Risperidone and aripiprazole have a low risk
of causing extrapyramidal side effects.
Which statement about primary anxiolytic drugs requires correction?
1
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