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OCN Study Guide exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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OCN Study Guide exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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OCN Study Guide exam with completesolutions 2024/2025
Pleural Effusion - ANSWER-fluid in pleural space
pneumothorax - ANSWER-air in the pleural space
Which chemo has a high risk for pulmonary toxicity? - ANSWER-bleomycin
(Blenoxane)
For which pulmonary toxicity does bleomycin have a high risk? - ANSWER-
Pneumonitis
Hypocapnia - ANSWER-reduced carbon dioxide in the blood
Signs and Symptoms of pleural effusion - ANSWER-tachypnea (fast breathing)
decreased breath sounds
dullness to percussion
Define Lymphedema - ANSWER-obstruction of lymphatic system that caused
overload of lymph in the interstitial space
Define Edema - ANSWER-fluid in the interstitial space
Cancer most commonly associated with lymphedema - ANSWER-Breast
Stage 1 Lymphedema - ANSWER-less than 3 cm difference
pitting edema
Stage 2 Lymphedema - ANSWER-3-5 cm difference
skin stretched and shiny
nonpitting
,Stage 3 Lymphedema - ANSWER-greater than 5 cm difference
skin discolored, stretched, firm
nonpitting
Lymphedema treatment - ANSWER-compression garment
manual lymphatic drainage
elevation
aerobic exercise with strength training
low sodium diet
Sentinel lymph node dissection - ANSWER-removal of the first lymph node that
contains cancer cells
Hematoma - ANSWER-abnormal collection of blood in tissues
Pericardial effusion - ANSWER-excess fluid around the heart
Tumors associated with malignant pericardial effusions - ANSWER-Lung
High dose cyclophosphamide cardiac effects - ANSWER-damaged cardiac
endothelium
Paclitaxel cardiac effects - ANSWER-asymptomatic bradycardia
5FU cardiac effects - ANSWER-coronary artery spasm
Anthracycline (Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin) cardiac effects -
ANSWER-cardiomyopathy
Diagnostic test for pericardial effusion - ANSWER-Echo
Abnormalities of what electrolyte and what mineral interfere with cardiac
function? - ANSWER-Potassium and Calcium
What med can be used to protect heart against effects of doxorubicin - ANSWER-
Dexrazoxane
Spiral CT - ANSWER-Diagnostic test for pulmonary emboli
, D-DImer test - ANSWER-used to diagnose or rule out conditions that cause
hypercoagulability (inappropriate clotting)
DIC - ANSWER-Accelerated activation of the coagulation cascade. Clots form in
random places leaving the body open to bleeding without protection
Platelet count, Fibrinogen level, D Dimer, FDP Titer - ANSWER-Tests to diagnose
DIC
How to treat DIC - ANSWER-Treat underlying cause
What does FFP do? - ANSWER-Contains all of the clotting factors except
platelets. Used to supplement red blood cells when whole blood is not available
or to correct a bleeding problem of unknown cause. It is also used to correct DIC.
Most common cancer associated with DIC? - ANSWER-Leukemia, specifically
APL
Signs/Symptoms of DIC - ANSWER-bleeding from 3 unrelated sites
hypoxia
SOB
fever
mottled extremities
Causes of DIC - ANSWER-Delivery (of baby)
Infection
Cancer
How does Heparin help DIC? - ANSWER-Interferes with thrombin production.
Maintain PTT at 1-2 times the normal level (18-28 seconds)
S/S of septic shock - ANSWER-Fever
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Most common cause of sepsis - ANSWER-Gram (-) bacteria
DIC - ANSWER-Accelerated activation of the coagulation cascade. Clots form in
random places leaving the body open to bleeding without protection
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