Exam (elaborations)
MEDSURG FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MEDSURG FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MEDSURG FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSA client who has septic shock is admitted to the hospital. What priority intervention does
the nurse implement first?
a. Obtain two sets of blood cultures.
b. Administer the prescribed IV vancomycin (Vancocin).
c. Obtain central venous pressure (CVP) measurements.
d. Administer the prescribed IV norepinephrine (Levophed) - Answers -a. Obtain two
sets of blood cultures.
Blood cultures should be obtained before IV antibiotics are started. If hypotension
occurs, fluid resuscitation is used first. CVP monitoring and vasopressor therapy are
started if hypotension persists.
The emergency department nurse is triaging clients. Which client does the nurse assess
most carefully for hypovolemic shock?
a. 15-year-old adolescent who plays high school basketball
b. 24-year-old computer specialist who has bulimia
c. 48-year-old truck driver who has a 40-pack-year history of smoking
d. 62-year-old business executive who travels frequently - Answers -b. 24-year-old
computer specialist who has bulimia
Hypovolemic shock can be caused by dehydration. A client who has bulimia is at
highest risk for dehydration owing to excessive vomiting. Basketball, smoking, and
traveling do not put the client at risk for hypovolemic shock.
A client with epilepsy develops stiffening of the muscles of the arms and legs, followed
by an immediate loss of consciousness and jerking of all extremities. How does the
nurse document this seizure activity?
a. Atonic seizure
b. Absence seizure
c. Myoclonic seizure
d. Tonic-clonic seizure - Answers -d. Tonic-clonic seizure
Seizure activity that begins with stiffening of the arms and legs, followed by loss of
consciousness and jerking of all extremities, is characteristic of a tonic-clonic seizure.
The other seizures do not manifest in this manner.
The nurse is assessing a client with a history of absence seizures. Which clinical
manifestation does the nurse assess for?
a. Automatisms
b. Intermittent rigidity
, c. Sudden loss of muscle tone
d. Brief jerking of the extremities - Answers -a. Automatisms
Automatisms are characteristic of absence seizures. These behaviors consist of lip
smacking, patting, and picking at clothing. The other manifestations do not correlate
with absence seizures.
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of epilepsy who suddenly begins to
experience a tonic-clonic seizure and loses consciousness. What is the nurse's priority
action?
a. Restrain the client's extremities.
b. Turn the client's head to the side.
c. Take the client's blood pressure.
d. Place an airway into the client's mouth. - Answers -b. Turn the client's head to the
side.
A client is actively experiencing status epilepticus. Which prescribed medication does
the nurse prepare to administer?
a. Atropine
b. Lorazepam (Ativan)
c. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
d. Morphine sulfate - Answers -b. Lorazepam (Ativan)
The nurse is teaching a client who is newly diagnosed with epilepsy. Which statement
by the client indicates a need for further teaching concerning the drug regimen?
a. "I will not drink any alcoholic beverages."
b. "I will wear a medical alert bracelet."
c. "I will let my doctor know about all of my prescriptions."
d. "I can skip a couple of pills if they make me ill." - Answers -d. "I can skip a couple of
pills if they make me ill."
The client is manifesting symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia.
Emergency medical services arrive to the emergency department with a client who has
a cervical spinal cord injury. Which priority assessment does the emergency department
nurse perform at this time?
a. Level of consciousness and orientation
b. Heart rate and rhythm
c. Muscle strength and reflexes
d. Respiratory pattern and airway - Answers -d. Respiratory pattern and airway
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