NUR 221 Test 1, NURS 221 Final Exam
ANA (American Nurses Association) - correct answer ✔- created in 1980
- defined nursing as "the diagnosis and treatment of human response to actual
and potential health problems
- now defines professional nursing as;
"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health an abilities,
prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering
through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the
care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and population. (ANA,
2015, p.1)"
ICN (International Council of Nursing) - correct answer ✔- an organization
created in 1973 that represents nurses throughout the world
-defined nursing in accordance with theorist Virginia Henderson
- composed of a federation of national nursing organizations from more than
130 countries
- aims to ensure health buy: supporting global health policies that advance
nursing and improve worldwide health; by striving to improve working
conditions for nurses throughout the world
- "The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in
the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to
,peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary
strength, will or knowledge. (Henderson, 1966, p.15)"
Florence Nightingale's nursing theory - correct answer ✔- air, light, nutrition,
and adequate ventilation and space assist recuperation and decrease
mortality, length of stay and healthcare related infections
- promoted nursing to a profession from its historical image
- redesigned hospitals through her research and observation
acute illness - correct answer ✔occurs suddenly and lasts for a limited
amount if time
chronic illness - correct answer ✔lasts for a long period of time, often for life
Complimentary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - correct answer ✔- They
include medical systems, such as homeopathy, naturopathy, chiropractic, and
traditional Chinese medicine, as well as specific treatments, such as herbal
medications, dietary changes, massage therapy, yoga, aromatherapy, prayer,
and hypnotism
* one of the reasons that people use CAM is because they find it more in
harmony with their own values, beliefs, and philosophical orientation toward
health and life
- Women, people with higher income levels, and people who have been
hospitalized in the past year are most likely to use CAM
,- By Race and Ethnicity: xecluding prayer as a therapy, non-Hispanic whites
use CAM more often than do Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks and are
more likely to report CAM use to their healthcare provider
- By Age-Group: CAM is used least by those younger than age 18 and most
by middle adults
- Pain, cancer, other conditions and for children are some health conditions
that prompt CAM use
alternative medicine - correct answer ✔Ayurveda, Chineses medicine,
acupuncture, homeopathy and naturopathy
bias - correct answer ✔a lack of impartiality, one-sidedness,
ethnocentrism - correct answer ✔the tendency to believe of people the
believe their own beliefs and values are right and that those other cultures are
wrong or bizarre
racism - correct answer ✔a from of prejudice and discrimination based on
the belief that one race is superior and others are inferior
archetype - correct answer ✔something recurrent; based on facts
stereotype - correct answer ✔widely held but oversimplified beliefs that have
no basis in fact
prejudice - correct answer ✔negative attitudes toward other people based on
faulty and rigid stereotypes about race, gender, sexual orientation, etc
, discrimination - correct answer ✔the behavioral manifestation of prejudice;
refusal to provide services to certain racial or ethnic groups
jargon - correct answer ✔words or expressions used by a subculture
Hindu religious beliefs/practices - correct answer ✔Hinduism - dharma
guides to use the inner life of spiritual truth towards discovery of truth
- dietary: fasting, no beef
- hygiene: wash in free-flowing water
- lifestyle/health: ayurvedic medicine treats all aspects of life (diet, sleep,
hygiene)
- modesty/respect: women are modest and wish to be treated by female staff;
touching feet may be a sign of disrespect
- religion: karma, dharma, reincarnation
- symbols: sacred thread around body or wrist, jewelry
Roman Catholic religious beliefs/practices - correct answer ✔Christianity -
reading of the Holy Bible, belief in power of prayer, strives to adhere to the
Ten Commandments
- sacraments are a means to obtain grace
- anointing the sick
- sacrament of reconciliation (confession): only a priest can hear; forgiveness
by god through priest
- eucharist (communion bread)
Jewish religious beliefs/practices - correct answer ✔Judaism - originates with
ethnic identity as a Jew, establishes a relationship and eternal covenant with
God, reading of the Torah
