Peds Success GI/GU Review Questions and Correct Answers
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GU Peds
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GU Peds
1. The nurse is reviewing the basic anatomy and physiology of the genitourinary system. e The nurse knows that the bladder capacity of a 3-year-old could be estimated to be approximately how much? 1. 1.5 oz. 2. 3 oz. 3. 4 oz. 4. 5 oz. 4. The capacity of the bladder can be estimated by adding 2 to t...
Peds Success GI/GU Review Questions
and Correct Answers
1. The nurse is reviewing the basic anatomy and physiology of the genitourinary
system.
e The nurse knows that the bladder capacity of a 3-year-old could be estimated to be
approximately how much?
1. 1.5 oz.
2. 3 oz.
3. 4 oz.
4. 5 oz. ✅4. The capacity of the bladder can be
estimated by adding 2 to the child's age
in years.
2. The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old who weighs 15 kg. At the end of a 10-hour
period,
the nurse notes the urine output to be 150 mL. What action does the nurse take?
1. The nurse notifies the physician because this urine output is too low.
2. The nurse encourages the patient to increase oral intake in order to increase urine
output.
3. The nurse records the patient's urine output in the chart.
4. The nurse administers isotonic fluid intravenously to help with the rehydration
process. ✅3. Recording the patient's urine output in
the chart is the appropriate action
because the urine output is within the
expected range of 0.5-1 mL/kg/hr.
3. A 3-year-old has a recurrent UTI. She had a UTI 3 months ago and was treated with
an oral antibiotic. A follow-up urinalysis revealed results within normal range. The
child has had no other problems until this visit. Choose the nurse's best response.
1. The nurse should prepare for the following tests: urinalysis, urine culture, and
VCUG.
2. Signs and symptoms of renal failure should be evaluated.
3. The nurse should prepare the child for likely admission to the pediatric unit.
4. Send the child home on an antibiotic and instruct the parent to offer the child lots
of fluids. ✅3. 1. Urinalysis and urine culture are rou
tinely used to diagnose UTIs. VCUG is
used to determine the extent of urinary
tract involvement when the child has a
second UTI within 1 year.
4. The nurse is instructing a group of girls and parents about the importance of
preventing UTIs. Which of the following should the nurse teach?
1. Avoiding constipation has no effect on the occurrence of UTIs.
,2. After urinating, always wipe from back to front to prevent fecal contamination.
3. Hygiene is an important preventive measure and can be accomplished with
frequent tub baths.
4. Increasing fluids will help prevent and treat UTIs. ✅4. Increasing fluids will help flush
the
bladder of any organism, encouraging
urination and preventing stasis of urine.
5. The nurse is working in a pediatric urgent care clinic. Which of the following patients
can be discharged without the need for a urinalysis to evaluate for a UTI?
1. A 4-month-old female who presents with a 2-day history of fussiness and poor
appetite; her current vital signs include T 100.8°F (38.2°C) (axillary) and heart rate
120 beats per minute.
2. An 8-year-old male who presents with a finger laceration; his mother states he had
surgical reimplantation of his ureters 2 years ago.
3. A 12-year-old female complaining of pain to her lower right back; she denies any
burning or frequency at this time; she has an oral temperature of 101.5°F (38.6°C).
4. A 4-year-old female who states "it hurts when I pee"; her parent states that she has
been asking to urinate every 30 minutes; vital signs are within normal range. ✅2.
Although this child has had a history of
urinary infections, the child is currently
not displaying any signs and therefore
does not need a urinalysis at this time.
6. An 8-month-old is being evaluated for a UTI. A urinalysis and urine culture are
ordered. Which of the following is the best way to obtain the urine sample?
1. Carefully cleanse the perineum from front to back, and apply a self-adhesive urine
collection bag to the perineum.
2. Insert an indwelling Foley catheter and begin antibiotic administration.
3. Place a sterile cotton ball in the diaper, and immediately obtain the sample with a
syringe after the first void.
4. Using a straight catheter, obtain the sample, and immediately remove the catheter
without waiting for the results of the urine sample. ✅4. An in-and-out catheterization is
the best
way to obtain a urine culture in a child
who is not yet toilet-trained.
7. On reviewing information about glomerulonephritis, the nurse knows that which of
the following children is at risk for developing the disease?
1. A 10-year-old recovering from viral pneumonia.
2. A 6-year-old with new-onset type 1 diabetes.
3. A 3-year-old who had impetigo 1 week ago.
4. A 5-year-old with a history of five UTIs in the previous year. ✅3. Impetigo is a skin
infection caused by the
streptococcal organism that is commonly
associated with glomerulonephritis.
,8. The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old with glomerulonephritis. Which of the following
combinations of signs is commonly associated with glomerulonephritis?
1. Massive proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urinary output, and lethargy.
2. Mild proteinuria, increased urinary output, and lethargy.
3. Mild proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urinary output, and lethargy.
4. Massive proteinuria, decreased urinary output, and hypotension. ✅3. Mild-to-
moderate proteinuria, hema
turia, decreased urinary output, and
lethargy are common findings in
glomerulonephritis.
9. The parents of a child with glomerulonephritis ask the nurse why the urine is such a
funny color. What is the nurse's best response?
1. "It is not uncommon for the urine to be discolored when children are receiving
steroids and blood pressure medications."
2. "There is blood in your child's urine that causes it to be tea-colored."
3. "Your child's urine is very concentrated, so it appears to be discolored."
4. "A ketogenic diet often causes the urine to be tea-colored." ✅2. Blood in the child's
urine causes it to
be tea-colored.
10. The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old with glomerulonephritis. Which of the following
findings requires immediate attention?
1. The child sleeps most of the day and is very "cranky" when awake; blood pressure
is 170/90.
2. The child's urine output is 190 mL in an 8-hour period and is the color of
Coca Cola.
3. The child complains of a severe headache and photophobia.
4. The child refuses breakfast and lunch and states that he "just is not hungry." ✅3. A
severe headache and photophobia
can be signs of encephalopathy due to
hypertension, and the child needs
immediate attention.
11. The parents of a child with glomerulonephritis ask how will they know that the
condition is improving after they take their child home. What is the nurse's best
response?
1. "Your child's urine output will increase, and the urine will become less
tea-colored."
2. "Your child will rest more comfortably."
3. "Your child's appetite will decrease."
4. "Your child's laboratory test values will become more normal." ✅11. 1. When
glomerulonephritis is improving,
urine output increases, and the urine
becomes less tea-colored. These are
, signs that can be monitored at home by
the child's parents.
12. A 5-year-old is hospitalized with MCNS. The nurse obtains a history from the
parents. Which statement by the parents is most consistent with MCNS?
1. "Our child missed 2 days of school last week because of a really bad cold."
2. "We went camping last week, and our child's legs were covered in bug bites."
3. "Our child came home from school a week ago due to vomiting and stomach
cramps."
4. "Our child has a pet turtle but does not wash hands after playing with the turtle."
✅12. 1. An upper respiratory infection often
precedes MCNS by a few days.
13. The nurse is teaching the family about MCNS and explains that the clinical
manifestations are due to which of the following?
1. Chemical changes in the composition of albumin.
2. Increased permeability of the glomeruli.
3. Obstruction of the capillaries of the glomeruli because of antibody-antigen
complex formation.
4. Loss of the kidney's ability to excrete waste and concentrate urine. ✅2. Increased
permeability of the glomeruli
in MCNS allows large substances such
as protein to pass through and be
excreted in the urine.
14. The parents of a child hospitalized with MCNS ask why the last blood test revealed
elevated lipids. What is the nurse's best response?
1. "If your child had just eaten a fatty meal, the lipids may have been falsely
elevated."
2. "It's not unusual to see elevated lipids in children because of the dietary habits of
today."
3. "Since your child is losing so much protein, the liver is stimulated and ends up
making more lipids."
4. "Your child's blood is very concentrated because of the edema, so the lipids are
falsely elevated." ✅3. In MCNS, the lipids are truly elevated.
Lipoprotein production is increased
because of the increased stimulation of
the liver hypoalbuminemia.
15. The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old hospitalized with MCNS. The edema has pro
gressed from periorbital to generalized. The skin appears stretched, and areas of
breakdown are noted over the bony prominences. The child has been receiving Lasix
twice daily for several days. In order to reduce edema, which of the following does
the nurse expect to be included in the treatment plan?
1. An increase in the amount and frequency of Lasix.
2. Addition of a second diuretic, such as mannitol.
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