Exam (elaborations)
A- LEVEL BIOLOGY GENETICS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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A- LEVEL BIOLOGY GENETICS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:88 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 88
The UK government pays farmers to leave strips around the edges of fields of crops. The
grassy strips contain a variety of plant species. Leaving the strips in an attempt to encourage
biodiversity of animals
Give two reasons why the grassy strips increase the biodiversity of animals. (2)
- genetic drift is more susceptible to change in smaller populations
- less genetic variation
1) miniature terrier has included more outbreeding
2)increased number of different alleles
- increase in plant diversity leads to more types of food for animals
- increase in niche
- not an accurate measure of taxonomic richness
- some species can't be counted accurately due to abundance
Term 2 of 88
Explain what I meant by a species
Individulas that are able to breed and produce fertile offspring
A group of organisms that share physical characteristics.
Organisms that live in the same habitat.
Animals that are closely related genetically.
,Term 3 of 88
Describe the structure of proteins.(6)
1. Compare (base sequences of) DNA;
2. Look for mutations/named mutations
(that change the base sequence);
3. Compare (base sequences of)
(m)RNA;
1. Polymer of amino acids;
2. Joined by peptide bonds;
3. Formed by condensation;
4. Primary structure is order of amino acids;
5. Secondary structure is folding of polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonding;
Accept alpha helix / pleated sheet
6. Tertiary structure is 3-D folding due to hydrogen bonding and ionic / disulfide bonds;
7. Quaternary structure is two or more polypeptide chains;
1. Recognise/identify/attract same
species;
2. Stimulates/synchronises
mating/production/release of
gametes;
3. Recognition/attraction of
mate/opposite sex;
4. Indication of (sexual)
maturity/fertility/receptivity/readiness
to mate;
5. Formation of a pair bond/bond
between two organisms (to
have/raise young);
1. Helicase;
2. Breaks hydrogen bonds;
3. Only one DNA strand acts as template;
4. RNA nucleotides attracted to exposed bases;
5. (Attraction) according to base pairing rule; 6. RNA polymerase joins (RNA) nucleotides
together;
7. Pre-mRNA spliced to remove introns.
,Term 4 of 88
explain why it is more useful to calculate an index of diversity than to record species richness.
(2)
- it measures the abundance of each species
- this is useful because there may be few of some species
1) compare the base se hence of the bacteria
2) identical strains have identical base sequences
1) miniature terrier has included more outbreeding
2)increased number of different alleles
1. (Tumour suppressor) gene
inactivated/not able to control/slow
down cell division;
2. Rate of cell division too fast/out of
control ;
, Term 5 of 88
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is used during translation to form polypeptides. Describe how mRNA
is produced in the nucleus of a cell. [6 marks]
1. Decrease in variety of plants /
fewer plant species;
2. Fewer habitats/niches;
3. Decrease in variety of food /
fewer food sources;
4. Aspect of clearing forest (killing
insects) eg machinery,
pesticides;
1. Recognise/identify/attract same
species;
2. Stimulates/synchronises
mating/production/release of
gametes;
3. Recognition/attraction of
mate/opposite sex;
4. Indication of (sexual)
maturity/fertility/receptivity/readiness
to mate;
5. Formation of a pair bond/bond
between two organisms (to
have/raise young);
1. Helicase;
2. Breaks hydrogen bonds;
3. Only one DNA strand acts as template;
4. RNA nucleotides attracted to exposed bases;
5. (Attraction) according to base pairing rule; 6. RNA polymerase joins (RNA) nucleotides
together;
7. Pre-mRNA spliced to remove introns.
1) use of antibiotics increases cases of bacterial resistance
2) so medical treatment become less defective
3) legislation has controlled antibiotic use
4) high demand for organic food
5) increased demand for organic food
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