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GENETICS MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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GENETICS MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:164 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 164
Why is a single two point cross not accurate for mapping distance?
a single two point cross provides all the information needed for mapping distance
further comparison is not necessary for accurate distance mapping in a two point cross
a single two point cross is sufficient to accurately map distance
it is not enough comparison to confirm if it it the correct distance, further comparison is
necessary (3 point crosses)
Term 2 of 164
What does different chromosome multple lead to characteristically?
The same as the ratio for a dihybrid cross, except that only one trait is affected. Ex
instead of either red&short, red&tall, blue&short, blue&tall, its a ratio between four
different colors. 9:3:3:1
complementary gene action is a series or "chain" of genes necessary to work in
sequence to produce a phenotype, while multifactorial inheritence is where you need
several genes to produce one phenotype. almost the same but complementary gene
action works in a chain reaction.
the genes are really far apart or not one same chromosome. we show linkage between
the genes to determine if they are on the same chromosome
a multple above the normal number makes the organism bigger, a triploidy makes it
sterile (so sterile plants do not have seeds, therefore consumer fruits are usually
manufactured to be monoploidy) A strawberry is octoploidy to make it bigger for
consumer goods
,Term 3 of 164
What is the phenotypic ratio of dominant epistasis?
12:3:1 or 13:3
12:3:1 or 13:8
12:3:1 or 87:3
12:3:1 or 13:103
Term 4 of 164
What is artificial selection?
having multiple sets of chromosomes (3n, 4n,etc)
lacking one chromosome number (2n-1)
the interaction of several genes (polygenic) for one phenotype.
purposeful mating (ex. domesticating foxes)
Term 5 of 164
What is the issue with rosalind franklin
Reading and synthesizing a new strand from reading the original strands
it is present in cytokinesis, it "pinchs" the cell in cell division
some alleles may produce a visible phenotype, but also affect viabilty. the gene can
have an allele that is domimant over something, but it can also have an allele that is
recessive to lethality. so you can never be homozygous dominant of that allele because
it means you will also be homozygous recessive to the lethality allele, and die
had the data that lead to watsons and cricks discover
,Term 6 of 164
How can the wild type phenotype be reproduced from its mutated phenotypes?
a multple above the normal number makes the organism bigger, a triploidy makes it
sterile (so sterile plants do not have seeds, therefore consumer fruits are usually
manufactured to be monoploidy) A strawberry is octoploidy to make it bigger for
consumer goods
The same as the ratio for a dihybrid cross, except that only one trait is affected. Ex
instead of either red&short, red&tall, blue&short, blue&tall, its a ratio between four
different colors. 9:3:3:1
complementation, crossing the two mutations to produce the original wild type. "two
wrongs can make a right again"
"two mutations together can make a wild type again"
Different alleles differ in nucleotide sequence, therefore a change in amino acid
sequence or amount of protein.
Term 7 of 164
what is so complex about genetic inheritence in humans vs. simplier organisms?
genetic inheritance in simpler organisms is more complex than in humans
phenotypes in humans are always determined by a single gene
it is very rare for a pedigree to follow a simple medelian pattern on inheritence, as most
phenotypes are multifactorial
genetics traits are passed on from one generation to the next
, Term 8 of 164
In what stages does oogenesis occur at ?
oocytes are stored in ovaries in prophase I stage (so just starting to become secondary
oocytes). When released from ovaries, it is a mature oocyte and is at metaphase 2. when
fertilized, it completes meiosis 2 quickly
a statistical test that evaluates and determines if genes are genetically linked or not. it is
the Variation of all each value in each group. Sum of (# observed - Number expected)
Squared ALL DIVIDED BY number expected
Some alleles may produce a visible phenotype, but also affect viabilty. the gene can
have an allele that is domimant over something, but it can also have an allele that is
recessive to lethality. so you can never be homozygous dominant of that allele because
it means you will also be homozygous recessive to the lethality allele, and die
had the data that lead to watsons and cricks discover
Term 9 of 164
What is mendels law of independent assortment
both die, Y is avery small impact on gene importance, while X is very important
during gamete formation, different parts of alleles segregate independently of each
other (ex. the allele you got for having blue colored eyes wont affect your hair color)
gene dosage is the number of copies of a gene is present in a cell. we need at least one
dosage of X chromosome for viabilty
fly: dies
human: nearly normal female
Term 10 of 164
What is the Mendelian definition of Genetics?
genetics is the process of creating new species through breeding
genetics is the study of plant growth patterns
genetics is the study of weather patterns and climate change
genetics traits are passed on from one generation to the next
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