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GENETICS TEST 3 DR. SEIBENHENER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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  • Course
  • Genetics
  • Institution
  • Genetics

GENETICS TEST 3 DR. SEIBENHENER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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  • September 23, 2024
  • 118
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Genetics
  • Genetics
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111 Multiple choice questions

Definition 1 of 111
5'- GGCCAATCT- 3'


consensus sequence that occurs upstream by 60-100 bases to the initial transcription site;
typically required for inducible genes to be produced in sufficient amounts

Promoter


Histone tails

Gc box

CAAT box

Definition 2 of 111
+1
AUG codon codes for start

start site of translation

facultative heterochromatin


tata box

start site of transcription

,Definition 3 of 111
1. snRNP U1 binds to 5'
2. U2 binds to BP5 (branch point)
3. Trimer of U 4, 5, 6 recruited to 5' splice site
a. U= snRNPs
4. U1 and 4 dissociate from hnRNA leaving 5 and 6 bound
5. U2 and 6 associate, start to see curvature as 6 and 2 want to come together
6. Lariat (loop) of hnRNA is formed from the intron
7. 5' splice site is cleaved and U5 binds to 3'
8. 3' splice site cleaved and U5 ligates exons together via ATP hydrolysis
9. snRNPs released along with spliced introns, can be recycled and used again

step 0. Pre-Recognition (DNA access)

Spliceosome assembly (happens in order)

Histone acetyl transferase (HAT)


Histone deacetylase (HDAC)

Definition 4 of 111
1. Constitutive
2. Facultative

2 types of chromatin

models to explain association of DNA and proteins


2 types of heterochromatin

5 types of genes

Definition 5 of 111
mitotic spindle arranges chromosomes at cell's equator

Interphase


Telophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

,Definition 6 of 111
extends from the promoter to the terminator


On the DNA:
*regulatory sequence: site for the binding of regulatory proteins
1. promoter: signals beginning of transcription
2. transcribed region: part of this region contains the information that specifies an amino acid
sequence
3. terminator: signals the end of transcription


is transcribed to mRNA

Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY)


step 4. termination

how does the histone H1 work?

the transcriptional unit

Definition 7 of 111
-set of several similar genes, formed by duplication of a single original gene, and generally
with similar biochemical functions
-most often located in similar regions of the chromosome
-most often used or synthesized at different times

Nucleosome (10 nm fiber) and acetylation

step 4. termination

Spliceosome discovery


multigene families

, Definition 8 of 111
process by which a portion of a chromosome is duplicated in an additional copy of a gene


-results in a copy of the original gene called a paralog gene
-either of the 2 genes may mutate and change the original function of the gene
-usually occurs due to an error during meiosis

duplicated genes

multigene families

repeated genes

5 types of genes

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