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EXAM 1 MCB 3020 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EXAM 1 MCB 3020 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:123 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 123
Compare the characteristics of bacteria and archaea
Both are prokaryotes
Lack nuclei and membrane bound organelles
Bacteria cell wall composed of peptidogylcan
Archaea cell wall composed of psuedopeptidoglycan
Archaea usually found in extreme conditions
Biochemical reactions almost always occur in water. H bonding between increases the
bioling point and makes it a good temperature buffer and makes it an excellent solvent.
Dehydration- are chemical reactions in which water molecule is released
Condensation- a type of dehydration reactions in which water is released and covalent
bond forms between the ends of two monomers, building a longer polymer.
Light microscopy involves passing light though one or more lends to create a magnified
view of the sample.
Electron microscopy uses an electron beam to view the sample in much greater detail
than light microscopy.
,Term 2 of 123
Compare primary vs. active transport systems. What is the source of energy for their action
A type of active transport that uses ATP as an energy source to help move molecules
cross the membrane
Eukaray - Cellulose or chitin
Bateria- Peptidoglycan
Archaea- Psedopeptidoglycan
Light microscopy involves passing light though one or more lends to create a magnified
view of the sample.
Electron microscopy uses an electron beam to view the sample in much greater detail
than light microscopy.
Primary transport systems uses the concentration gradient to move substances without
using engergy.
Active transport systems move substance against their concentration gradient with
assistance of energy input and a carrier protein (Uniport, symport, antiport, ABC
transporter)
Term 3 of 123
What do inclusion bodies do?
A flagellum is a lash-like appendage that conveys motility to certain prokaryotic cells.
Store a number of substances, including carbon and phospate
colony - a visible cluster of bacterial clones
pure culture- is a population of cells arising from a single cell.
Flourochromes are flourescent dyes used in fluorescence microscopy.
,Term 4 of 123
List cardinal temperatures of growth (3). Which group is readily isolated from arctic and
Antarctic?
Organisms have three distinct Cardinal Growth Temp.
- Minimum growth temp
- Maximum growth temp
-Optimal growth temp
Psychrophiles include organisms that grow well at 0 C and have optimum growth at 15 C;
they are commonly isolated from Arctic and Antarctic habitats.
Halophiles are organisms at are particularly well-adapted to withstand high salt
concentrations. These organisms have evolved enzymes, ribosomes, and transport
proteins that require high salt concentration optimal survival and growth. Usually, these
organisms maintain high internal solute concentrations to remain isotonic to their salty
surroundings
Prokaryotes are in Domain Archaea and Bacteria. Eukaryotes are in Domain Eukarya.
Prokaryotes are in the Kingdome Monera. Eukaryotes are in the Kingdom Protista,
Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
AHL is a molecule produced by many Gram Negative organisms during quorum sensing;
it induces the expression of virulence genes.
, Term 5 of 123
Give examples of different Gram reactions, morphology, and arrangements found in bacteria
morphology :
- Coccus (round to oval shaped)
- Bacullis (rod shaped)
- Vibrio (comma, or half moon shaped )
-Spirillum (spiral shaped )
- Spriochete (corkscrew)
Bacteria can be found in chains or clusters
Gram Pos, coccus - usually streptococcus ( found in chains) or staphylococcus (found in
clusters)
Gram neg, cocucus- usually Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Gram pos, bacullis- usually bacillus (anthrax) and clostridium (gangrene, tetanus,
botulism, and diarrheal diseases)
Gram neg, baculis - usually E. coli nad salmonella
Spirpchete shaped bacteria - cause Lyme disease and syphilis
Vibro shaped baceri - cause cholera
Microbes can live in nearly every extreme condition imaginable. For example, extremely
salty conditions, extreme hot or cold, and extremely acidic or basic condtions
-Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar
- MacConkey (MAC) agar
- Mannitol salt agar
(enriched and differential media - Blood agar)
A fluorescence microscope uses UV light and fluorescence dyes to visualize the
specimens. This is significant b/c it allows scientists to easily identify bacterial
pathogens. It can also be used to distinguish b/w living and dead bacteria and it can be
used to visualize photosynthetic microbes.
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