Exam (elaborations)
CASAL II OA (Live Cohorts) – Questions With Solutions
- Course
- Institution
CASAL II OA (Live Cohorts) – Questions With Solutions
[Show more]
Content preview
CASAL II OA (Live Cohorts) – Questions With SolutionsSA node Right Ans - pacemaker, 60-100bpm, Depolarization R atria, p
wave,
AV node Right Ans - Gatekeeper, intraseptal, Allows delay for blood so no
back up, 40-60 bpm
Bundle of His Right Ans - Intraventricular, 40-60bpm, sends to purkinje
fibers for ventricular depolarization
L and R bundle branches Right Ans - 20-40bpm,
Purkinje fibers Right Ans - 20-40bpm, ventricular depolarization (QRS)
complex
Preload Right Ans - LVEDP determined by LVEDV
Afterload Right Ans - Vascular resistance
Cardiac output = Right Ans - heart rate x stroke volume
Normal QRS complex Right Ans - 0.06-0.12 sec. (1.5-3 small boxes)
P wave Right Ans - atrial depolarization
QRS complex Right Ans - ventricular depolarization
T wave Right Ans - ventricular repolarization
U wave Right Ans - hypokalemia, depolarization purkinje fibers
A Fib on EKG Right Ans - 1. P waves? No
2. P waves regular? U/A to determine
3. R waves regular? No irregular
4. How many R waves in 6 sec?
5. PR interval length? No, no p waves
Saw tooth
No p waves
,R waves irregular
Stroke volume Right Ans - the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle
with each heartbeat
Cardiac output Right Ans - Amount of blood pumped through body per min
3 things that affect stroke volume Right Ans - preload, afterload,
contractility
What increases vascular resistance Right Ans - pHTN (R❤️),
vasoconstriction/HTN (L❤️), aortic stenosis (L ventricle)
What can decrease afterload Right Ans - Vasodilation
Sympathomemetics/ adrenergic agonist Right Ans - Dopamine ⬆️BP & CO
norepinephrine ⬆️BP
epinephrine ⬆️Bronchodilation
beta 2 adrenergic agonist -inhaled for cold/asthma albuterol (short)
solmedrol (long)
Sympatholytic/ andrenergic antagonist Right Ans - Beta blockers ⬇️HR,
⬇️BP, constrict airway
Parasympatholytic/anticholenergic Right Ans - Airway: Ipratropium
bronchodilator
HR: Atropine ⬆️HR or dilate pupils
nonselective beta blockers
beta 1 ❤️Kidneys
beta 2 lungs, GI, vascular muscle, skeletal Right Ans - propranolol, timolol,
nadolol, pindolol, carvidolol
Nursing implications non selective Beta blocker Right Ans - Not for: COPD,
asthma, PVD
Selective Beta blockers Right Ans - Atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol
beta 1 found in ❤️And kidneys-blocks RAAS
,Beta blockers treat Right Ans - HTN, stable angina, dysthymia (SVT, tachy),
compensated heart failure, glaucoma, migraines, tremors, anxiety
Monitor with beta blockers Right Ans - -Bradycardia-check physician
desired -parameters
-EKG-heart block 2nd and 3rd degree
-watch for S&S ❤️Failure don't want contraction to get too weak
-monitor BG masks ⬆️HR of hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia
-ortho htn
- circulation impairment
-OD S&S bradycardia, lethargic, ❤️Block, hypotension
Teach pt with beta blockers Right Ans - Bradycardia
❤️Failure exacerbation
taper off-rebound htn/angina
ortho htn
know OD S&S
blood glucose w/non selective
Calcium Channel Blockers Right Ans - blocks L type channels in:
vascular smooth muscle
cardiac myocytes
cardiac nodal tissue (SA & AV nodual tissue)
Calcium Channel Blockers (vascular selective) Right Ans -
Dihydropyridines: "Pines"
amlodipine, felodipine, nifedipine
Mainly for HTN and angina
Calcium Channel Blockers-effects on vascular smooth muscle Right Ans -
coronary and peripheral arteries:
Vasodilation: decrease BP, relax coronary arteries, decrease SVR = decrease
afterload
Calcium Channel Blockers-effects on myocytes Right Ans - decrease heart
contraction strength (- inrotropic effect)
decrease O2 demand
Treats angina-NOT for heart failure pt
, Calcium Channel Blockers- effects on cardiac nodal tissue Right Ans - SA
node- decrease heart rate (neg chronotropic effect)
AV node- speed up conduction (positive dromotrophic)
treats arrhythmia: SVTs, Afib
Myocardial Selective Calcium Channel Blockers Right Ans - Non-
Dihydropyridines
phenlalkylamines-Verapamil
benzothiazepine- Diltiasem
mainly for anti-arrhythmic htn/angina
Misc. treatment with Calcium Channel Blockers Right Ans - Rhanud's
migraines
cerebral spasms
Nursing Implications Right Ans - *monitor for bradycardia especially
Verapamil & Diltiazem
*monitor EKG for 1st degree especially for Verapamil & Diltiazem
*Never give verapamil/Diltiazem with 2nd or 3rd degree HB
*monitor S&S heart failure (dyspnea, weight gain, crackles, edema)
*No grapefruit
*High fiber diet -verapamil and diltiazem
*Good oral hygiene with the "Pines"
*monitor reflex tachycardia, ortho htn
Teach pt on Calcium Channel Blocker Right Ans - monitor HR and BP at
home
S&S of CHF exacerbation
good oral hygiene for "pines"
high fiber diet for varapamil and diltiazem
orthostatic htn-change positions slowly
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Right Ans - "Prils"
Captorpil, lisinopril, enalapril, quinipril, ramipril
Action of ACE inhibitor Right Ans - Inhibits the enzyme that converts
angiotension I to angiotension II
No conversion = No vasoconstriction and no increase in BP
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LeCrae. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $26.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76462 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now