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EDF 6222 Final Exam With Questions And Verified Detailed Answers latest Update
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EDF 6222 Final Exam With Questions And Verified DetailedAnswers latest Update
psychophysical parallelism - Answer While methodological behaviorists accept the
existence of mental states they have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is
not new and once went under the name of .
methodological - Answer behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of
logical positivism or operationism.
introspection - Answer Structuralism relied on, which looked inward to describe
sensations, images, and feelings
philosophy - Answer "Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the of that
science" (Skinner, 1974. p.3).
parsimony - Answer With, we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive
mentalistic explanations.
bias, evidence, replication - Answer As behavior analysts, to be good caretakers of
science we can follow a few guidelines while collecting and evaluating evidence. That is,
decrease ___ by making sure interobserver agreement is obtained, check for real ___
when comparing the baseline and treatment conditions-as opposed to effects that may
have occurred that would have led to changes without the intervention, ___, and
self-correction.
evidence - Answer Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is available,
assumptions should not be made.
science, lawful relations - Answer "___ is more than the mere description of events as
they occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to show that certain events stand in ___ to
, other events (Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
mentalistic, explanatory - Answer In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to
conclusions to suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore salivating.
Instead, he carefully controlled conditions that allowed him to show that particular
stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion. His careful analysis of the scientific
method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions
debilitating - Answer The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for
the survival of the organism. However we know all too well that at times responses can
be conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
conditioning, stimulus control, novel - Answer Skinner 1953 told us "Although the
process of __ greatly extends the scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the
behavior of the organism within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous
different eliciting stimuli, but it will never fashion a __ response.
prediction, control, accessible - Answer According to Skinner, contingencies of
reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of survival because contingencies of
reinforcement "Have the edge with __ and __ and the conditions under which a species
acquires behavior are relatively __ and can often be manipulated".
ontogeny - Answer is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime.
phylogeny - Answer is behaviours that have been transmitted during the lifetime of the
species as a whole.
chain, learned - Answer It is sometimes tricky to make out whether behaviors are
ontogenetic or phylogenic established. For a person viewing a complex __ for the first
time, it may appear mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced back to the
shaping process. Just because the shaping process was not observed, it does not mean
that it was not __. However, when we view a spider spin a web "no comparable history
can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies at work Skiner 1966,
p.1208).
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