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Butler Actual Exam | 400+ Questions and Answers | Answers 100% Correct and Verified
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Butler Actual Exam | 400+ Questions and Answers | Answers 100% Correct and Verified
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Butler Actual Exam | 400+ Questions andAnswers | Answers 100% Correct and Verified
What is genetics? - ✔✔study of heredity
What are alleles? - ✔✔letters, form of gene
What is a dominant trait? - ✔✔trait expressed when letter is present, expressed with a
capital letter, only needs one letter
What is a recessive trait? - ✔✔not expressed when dominant allele is present, lowercase
letter, both needed to show the trait
What are the three genotype possibilities? - ✔✔Heterozygous, homozygous dominant,
homozygous recessive
What is the phenotype? - ✔✔the physical appearance
What is the genotype? - ✔✔genetic makeup, letter combinations
Why did Mendel choose pea plants? - ✔✔Many varieties exist, he knew what to expect
(monogenic, complete dominance) they are easy to grow, mature quickly, produce a large
number of offspring, are small, able to self-pollinate and cross pollinate
What was step 1 of Mendel's experimental design? - ✔✔Allowed the plants to self-pollinate
for several generations to ensure true breeding (plants displayed only one trait; p-generation)
What was step 2 of Mendel's experimental design? - ✔✔Cross pollinated two varieties from
the P-generation such as purple and white flowers- called this filial generation (F1)
What was step 3 of Mendel's experimental design? - ✔✔Allowed F1 generation to self-
pollinate (F2)
What was part 1 of Mendel's theory? - ✔✔parents do not transmit traits directly to offspring
but information that operate in the offspring producing the trait
,A square on a pedigree represents a ........ and a circle represents a ........ - ✔✔male, female
An empty square/circle shows someone that ............................ and a filled square/circle shows
someone that ................... - ✔✔doesn't have the trait, does have the trait
Filial means - ✔✔son
In step 3 Mendel allowed the F1 generation to self-pollinate in order to - ✔✔eliminate
independent variables
What are the three laws Mendel discovered? - ✔✔Law of segregation, law of independent
assortment, law of dominance
The law of segregation says that - ✔✔members of each pairs of alleles separate when
gametes form
The law of independent assortment says that - ✔✔pairs of alleles separate independently of
one another during gamete formation (blond doesn't have to go with blue eyes)
A karyotype shows (major issues, minor problems) in genes - ✔✔major issues
P generation means that this generation is - ✔✔pure bred
A child receives one allele from - ✔✔each parent
What is the purpose of a punnett square? - ✔✔to predict probability of offspring
Complete dominance punnett squares can be .................., ...................., or .................. -
✔✔monohybrid (one trait) dihybrid (two traits) or trihybrid (three traits)
Incomplete dominance is the - ✔✔average of several genes, blending
Co-dominance is when - ✔✔both alleles are equally expressed
In co-dominance both alleles are ............................ and one has a ...... - ✔✔capital letters,
apostrophe (prime)
, What is the purpose of family pedigrees? - ✔✔Show patterns of inheritance, to predict
offspring's traits
If a square/circle is half-filled in it is a - ✔✔carrier of a recessive trait
The three family pedigree patterns are - ✔✔autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and
x-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive patterns are when - ✔✔when the parents are unaffected and there is a
25% chance of the kids being affected, boys and girls are equally affected
An autosomal dominant pattern is when - ✔✔there are no carriers and so parents can have a
child without the trait, boys and girls are equally affected
An x-linked recessive is ...................................... and are passed from ................................... -
✔✔more in males than females, moms to sons mostly
In a recessive pattern parents do not have the trait but - ✔✔the child does
In a dominant pattern parents have the trait but at least - ✔✔one child doesn't
If neither pattern of inheritance is shown that it is - ✔✔inconclusive
Boys are most likely to get an x-linked gene because - ✔✔they have only one X
An affected male in an x-linked inheritance pattern is said to be - ✔✔hemizygous (have trait
but only one allele for the x because they are guys)
Who discovered the structure of DNA and when? - ✔✔April 1953, Watson and Crick
What are the three main types of RNA? - ✔✔mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
What is the central dogma of biology? - ✔✔DNA --> RNA--> protein--> trait
The m in mRNA stands for - ✔✔messenger
The r in rRNA stands for - ✔✔ribosomal
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