GCU BIO-202 Exam 1 SAMPLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |latest updates|
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Course
GCU BIO-202
Institution
GCU BIO-202
GCU BIO-202 Exam 1 SAMPLE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |latest
updates|
Hormones - ANSWER chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine
glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
negative feedback - ANSWER A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a...
GCU BIO-202 Exam 1 SAMPLE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |latest
updates|
Hormones - ANSWER chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine
glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
negative feedback - ANSWER A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a
change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that
counteracts the initial fluctuation.
direct pathway - ANSWER hormones are exchanged across gap junctions of cells,
such as the intercalated discs of the heart. This maintains homeostasis within a specific
tissue set, rather than sending it to other organ tissue or all across the body.
Paracrine pathway - ANSWER hormones are produced in a cell, secreted, and act
directly on nearby receptive cells
endocrine pathway - ANSWER hormones are produced in a cell, secreted, and travel
through blood vessels to distant cells, attach to receptors, and act on that cell
Glands - ANSWER Organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control
many of our bodily functions
target cells - ANSWER cells that have receptors for a particular hormone
hormone receptor - ANSWER a protein in or on the cell that binds to the hormone and
initiates cellular mechanisms
free hormones - ANSWER Remain functional for less than 1 hour
Diffuse out of bloodstream:
bind to receptors on target cells
Are broken down and absorbed:
by cells of liver or kidney
Are broken down by enzymes:
in plasma or interstitial fluids
Protein bound hormones - ANSWER hormones that remain in the bloodstream for long
amounts of time. The glands secrete them in abudance, but they are only released
when the other proteins run out i.e. steroid hormones
, hormone amplification - ANSWER with water soluble hormones- they bind to a receptor
and cAMP takes over to produce more of a specific hormone
water soluble hormones - ANSWER (all amino acid-based hormones except thyroid
hormone)
Act on plasma membrane receptors
Act via G protein second messengers
Cannot enter cell
lipid soluble hormones - ANSWER -steroid and thyroid hormones
-act on intracellular receptors that directly activate genes
-can enter cell
down regulation - ANSWER target cells lose receptors in response to over stimulus of
surrounding hormones
up-regulation - ANSWER target cells form more receptors in response to low hormone
levels
humoral stimuli - ANSWER secretion of hormones in direct response to changing blood
levels of ions and nutrients
hormonal stimuli - ANSWER Hormones stimulate other endocrine organs to release
their hormones
neural stimuli - ANSWER nerve fibers stimulate hormone release at the neuroglandular
junction
releasing hormones - ANSWER chemical that stimulates other glands to release their
hormones
inhibiting hormones - ANSWER hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that can
suppress secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - ANSWER Promotes secretion of follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). It is made in the
hypothalamus and effects the adenohypophysis.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - ANSWER Promotes secretion of
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). It is made in the hypothalamus and effects the
adenohypophysis.
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