Summary
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Summary
- Course
- Institution
This is a detailed summary of the key terms for understanding DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Lesson 78: DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Terms Biology with LabDouble helix – the shape of the DNA molecule; consists of two nucleotide
chains that wrap around each other to form a double spiral
Nucleotides – the monomers that make up DNA and RNA; consists of a
nitrogen base (A, C, T, U, or G), a sugar, and a phosphate molecule
Adenine (A) – nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with T or U
Guanine (G) – nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with C
Cytosine (C) – nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with G
Thymine (T) – nitrogenous base found in DNA only; pairs with A
Uracil (U) – nitrogenous base found in RNA only; pairs with A
Purines – nitrogenous bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen
atoms; Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines – nitrogenous bases that have a single ring of carbon and
nitrogen atoms; Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil
Complementary – matching, as in complementary bases: A matches T or U;
C matches G
Semi-conservative replication – specific type of replication in DNA that
results in two double-stranded DNA molecules; each new molecule has half the
original strand and have that is a complimentary (newly built) strand
Hydrogen bonds – weak attractions between molecules; hydrogen bonds hold
the rungs of the DNA ladder together, but can be easily broken and reformed
Helicase – enzyme that unwinds and unzips DNA
Ligase – enzyme that creates bonds between sugars and phosphates in a
growing DNA or RNA strand as it is being built
DNA Polymerase – enzymes that can bind to a single (unwound and
separated) DNA strand, read it, and synthesize a new strand of complementary
DNA; some are able to proofread their work
Protein synthesis – the formation of proteins using information coded on
DNA and carried out by RNA in the ribosome
Messenger RNA (or mRNA) – a single uncoiled strand of RNA that transmits
information from DNA to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (or tRNA) – a single folded strand of RNA that bonds with and
carries a specific amino acid
Ribosomal RNA (or rRNA) – a globular form of RNA that is the major
constituent of the ribosomes
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller hannahmarkopoulos. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now