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CMSRN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED
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Exam of 16 pages for the course CMSRN at CMSRN (CMSRN)
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CMSRNwhat type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and
leads to decreased serum sodium concentration? - answerdilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia - answeredema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia - answerfluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? - answertrue
hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia - answerdry tissue, weight loss, hypotension,
tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia - answerreplace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia - answerburns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without
loss of sodium? - answerhypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia - answerfever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia - answerdry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia,
oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia - answerdecrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with? - answerchloride - works to maintain
acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? - answerrenal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? - answerPH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia - answercell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium
sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia - answerirritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive
bowels, bladder
,treatment of hyperkalemia - answerlimit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose
and insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? -
answerhyperkalemia
what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? - answerpotassium
causes of hypokalemia - answervomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns,
potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia - answermuscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia - answerpotassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level - answer9-10.5
where is calcium stored? - answerbones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption - answerVitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? - answerphosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? - answerhypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia - answercancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive
vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia - answersedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia - answerdecrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics,
phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia - answerdecreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased
phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
symptoms of hypocalcemia - answerchvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia - answerincreased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? -
answerchvosteks sign
, sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? - answertrousseaus
sign
normal level of phosphate - answer3-4.5
symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance are opposite of calcium since it has an inverse
relationship - answerphosphate
Normal level of magnesium - answer1.3-2.1
Normal level of sodium - answer135-145
normal level of potassium - answer3.5-5.0 mEq/L
symptoms of hypermagnesemia - answerpoor renal excretion, muscular depression
symptoms of hypomagnesemia - answerHyperactive deep tissue reflexes, tremors,
seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, confusion (resembles hypocalcemia)
treatment for hypermagnesemia - answercalcium gluconate
what is serum osmolality? - answerhow thick solution is
what does it mean if serum osmolality is high? - answerthe patient is dry
what type of solution is NS, LR? - answerisotonic
what does an isotonic solution do? - answerexpands blood volume
increases blood pressure if dehydrated
has same osmolarity as our cells
can cause electrolyte increase
what type of solution is D5LR, D5NS? - answerhypertonic
what does a hypertonic solution do? - answerPulls fluid into the intravascular space
from tissue, do NOT give if dehydrated
what type of solution is 1/2 NS, 1/4 NS? - answerhypotonic
what does a hypotonic solution do? - answercontain less solute than our cells
used for cellular hydration
has more water than electrolytes
given after surgery due to dehydration
What organ metabolizes most nutrients? - answerliver
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